| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5mg |
|
||
| 10mg |
|
||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
No specific drug target; serves as a stable isotope-labeled tracer for studying TCA cycle metabolism. Endogenous succinic acid is an intermediate in cellular energy metabolism.
|
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
Drug compounds have included stable heavy isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, and other elements, mostly as quantitative tracers while the drugs were being developed. Because deuteration may have an effect on a drug's pharmacokinetics and metabolic properties, it is a cause for concern [1].
In enzymatic assays, the non-labeled succinic acid (succinate) is a substrate for succinate dehydrogenase (complex II of the electron transport chain), which catalyzes its oxidation to fumarate in the TCA cycle. As an isotope-labeled compound, butanedioic acid-13C2 exhibits identical biochemical properties but provides a distinct mass signature for precise quantification. |
| ln Vivo |
The non-labeled succinic acid is a potent and orally active anxiolytic agent with demonstrated efficacy in preclinical anxiety models. It is an intermediate product of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and can be used as a precursor for many industrially important chemicals in food, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries. Succinate also acts as a signaling molecule through the SUCNR1 receptor.
|
| Enzyme Assay |
Receptor binding assays are not applicable. Standard analytical protocols for this compound involve its use as an internal standard for LC-MS/MS or GC-MS quantification of succinic acid in biological samples. Sample preparation includes protein precipitation with organic solvents, derivatization (for GC-MS), and separation on a C18 column (for LC-MS). Detection is performed using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) in negative ion mode.
|
| Cell Assay |
For metabolic flux studies, cells are cultured in media containing 13C-labeled substrates. Butanedioic acid-13C2 can be added to the culture medium (0.5-5 mM) and incubated for 1-24 hours. Cellular metabolites are extracted and analyzed by LC-MS or NMR to trace 13C incorporation into TCA cycle intermediates and downstream metabolites, allowing calculation of metabolic flux rates.
|
| Animal Protocol |
In vivo metabolic studies involve administration of butanedioic acid-13C2 to rodents via oral gavage or intravenous injection (50-200 mg/kg). Blood samples are collected at multiple time points (0-8 hours). Tissues including liver, muscle, and brain are harvested for metabolite extraction. Isotopic enrichment of succinate and other TCA cycle intermediates (fumarate, malate, citrate, alpha-ketoglutarate) is quantified by LC-MS/MS.
|
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
As an internal standard and tracer, pharmacokinetic properties are not directly assessed. The non-labeled succinic acid is rapidly metabolized in the TCA cycle. Following administration, succinate is taken up by cells via specific transporters (SLC13A2/A3) and is oxidized by succinate dehydrogenase. Its plasma half-life is short (typically <30 minutes in rodents) due to rapid cellular uptake and metabolism.
|
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
No toxicity data are specifically reported for the labeled compound. The non-labeled succinic acid is an endogenous metabolite naturally present in all living cells and is considered safe. At high doses in pharmacological studies, succinate is generally well-tolerated with a favorable safety profile. However, abnormal succinate accumulation is associated with certain disease states including ischemia-reperfusion injury and cancer.
|
| References |
[1]. Russak EM, et al. Impact of Deuterium Substitution on the Pharmacokinetics of Pharmaceuticals. Ann Pharmacother. 2019 Feb;53(2):211-216.
[2]. Zhang YJ, et al. Optimization of succinic acid fermentation with Actinobacillus succinogenes by response surface methodology (RSM). J Zhejiang Univ Sci B. 2012 Feb;13(2):103-10. [3]. A T JOHNS, et al. The production of propionic acid by decarboxylation of succinic acid in a bacterial fermentation. Biochem J. 194842(1):ii. [4]. Si Wei Chen, Anxiolytic-like effect of succinic acid in mice. Life Sci. 2003 Nov 773(25):3257-64. |
| Additional Infomation |
Butanedioic acid-13C2 is a stable isotope-labeled compound used exclusively for research and bioanalytical applications. It serves as an essential tracer for studying TCA cycle dynamics, metabolic flux, and cellular energetics using mass spectrometry or NMR. This compound is not a therapeutic agent and has no approved clinical indications. It is also used as an internal standard for quantifying succinic acid in various biological matrices.
|
| Molecular Formula |
C213C2H6O4
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
120.07
|
| Exact Mass |
120.033
|
| CAS # |
79864-95-2
|
| Related CAS # |
Succinic acid;110-15-6
|
| PubChem CID |
10290778
|
| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
|
| Density |
1.409g/cm3
|
| Boiling Point |
235ºC
|
| Melting Point |
187-190ºC(lit.)
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.478
|
| LogP |
-0.6
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
8
|
| Complexity |
92.6
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| SMILES |
C(CC(=O)O)C(=O)O
|
| InChi Key |
KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-CQDYUVAPSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C4H6O4/c5-3(6)1-2-4(7)8/h1-2H2,(H,5,6)(H,7,8)/i3+1,4+1
|
| Chemical Name |
(1,4-13C2)butanedioic acid
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 8.3285 mL | 41.6424 mL | 83.2848 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.6657 mL | 8.3285 mL | 16.6570 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.8328 mL | 4.1642 mL | 8.3285 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
Copyright 2020 InvivoChem LLC | All Rights Reserved
