| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Neuropeptide S (Rat) targets the neuropeptide S receptor (NPSR). It is a potent endogenous NPSR agonist with an EC50 of 3.2 nM. The NPSR is a G protein-coupled receptor involved in the regulation of sleep, stress, and other physiological processes. It is an endogenous ligand for the NPS receptor.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Neuropeptide S (Rat) is a potent endogenous NPSR agonist with an EC50 of 3.2 nM for inducing intracellular calcium mobilization in HEK293 cells expressing the human receptor. Its activity is typically assessed in cells expressing the NPSR by measuring calcium mobilization using fluorescent calcium indicators.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Neuropeptide S (Rat) increases the duration of wakefulness and affects sleep stages in rats. It is used for the research of nervous system diseases. As an NPSR agonist, it modulates NPSR-mediated signaling pathways involved in sleep, stress, and other physiological processes.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For non-cell-based receptor binding assays, Neuropeptide S (Rat) can be evaluated using membrane preparations from cells expressing human or rat NPSR. Radioligand binding displacement experiments are performed using a suitable radiolabeled ligand. Membrane homogenates are incubated with increasing concentrations of the test compound and a fixed concentration of the radioligand. Bound radioligand is separated from free by rapid filtration through glass fiber filters. Non-specific binding is determined in the presence of excess unlabeled Neuropeptide S. Ki values are calculated from displacement curves using nonlinear regression analysis.
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| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cellular assays, cells expressing human or rat NPSR are cultured in appropriate media. For functional assays, intracellular calcium mobilization is measured using fluorescent calcium indicators such as Fluo-4 AM. Cells are loaded with the dye and treated with various concentrations of Neuropeptide S (Rat). Fluorescence intensity is measured using a fluorescence plate reader. The increase in calcium signal compared to control wells indicates agonist activity. EC50 values are calculated from dose-response curves.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo animal studies, Neuropeptide S (Rat) can be administered to rats via intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection. In models of sleep regulation, its effects on sleep-wake cycles are assessed. In models of stress, behavioral and physiological responses are evaluated. Dosing regimens vary depending on the specific model and desired exposure levels.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Neuropeptide S (Rat) has a molecular weight of 2210.52 and a molecular formula of C95H160N34O27. The sequence is SFRNGVGSGVKKTSFRRAKQ. The compound should be stored according to the manufacturer's recommendations. It is for research use only and is not intended for human consumption.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicity profile of Neuropeptide S (Rat) has not been extensively reported. As a neuropeptide, potential adverse effects may include modulation of NPSR signaling. The compound is for research use only and is not intended for human consumption. Standard safety precautions should be observed when handling the compound.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Neuropeptide S (Rat) (CAS 412938-75-1) is a neuropeptide that plays a major role in regulating sleep and stress. It is a potent endogenous neuropeptide S receptor (NPSR) agonist with an EC50 of 3.2 nM. It is used for the research of nervous system diseases. It is available for research purposes only.
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| Molecular Formula |
C95H160N34O27
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
2210.52
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| Exact Mass |
2209.22
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| CAS # |
412938-75-1
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| Related CAS # |
Neuropeptide S(Rat) TFA
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| PubChem CID |
16153612
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| LogP |
0.198
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
39
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
34
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
81
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| Heavy Atom Count |
156
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| Complexity |
4650
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
18
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| SMILES |
C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(=N)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC2=CC=CC=C2)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)N)O
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| InChi Key |
RLPBYGCOBLSFSK-HDNLQJMQSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C95H160N34O27/c1-49(2)73(127-71(137)44-111-78(141)65(42-69(101)135)125-84(147)61(31-21-39-110-95(106)107)120-86(149)63(123-77(140)55(99)46-130)40-53-22-9-7-10-23-53)89(152)113-43-70(136)115-66(47-131)79(142)112-45-72(138)128-74(50(3)4)90(153)121-57(27-14-17-35-97)81(144)117-58(28-15-18-36-98)85(148)129-75(52(6)133)91(154)126-67(48-132)88(151)124-64(41-54-24-11-8-12-25-54)87(150)119-60(30-20-38-109-94(104)105)82(145)118-59(29-19-37-108-93(102)103)80(143)114-51(5)76(139)116-56(26-13-16-34-96)83(146)122-62(92(155)156)32-33-68(100)134/h7-12,22-25,49-52,55-67,73-75,130-133H,13-21,26-48,96-99H2,1-6H3,(H2,100,134)(H2,101,135)(H,111,141)(H,112,142)(H,113,152)(H,114,143)(H,115,136)(H,116,139)(H,117,144)(H,118,145)(H,119,150)(H,120,149)(H,121,153)(H,122,146)(H,123,140)(H,124,151)(H,125,147)(H,126,154)(H,127,137)(H,128,138)(H,129,148)(H,155,156)(H4,102,103,108)(H4,104,105,109)(H4,106,107,110)/t51-,52+,55-,56-,57-,58-,59-,60-,61-,62-,63-,64-,65-,66-,67-,73-,74-,75-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S)-5-amino-2-[[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3R)-2-[[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-4-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 0.4524 mL | 2.2619 mL | 4.5238 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.0905 mL | 0.4524 mL | 0.9048 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.0452 mL | 0.2262 mL | 0.4524 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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