| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 100mg |
|
||
| 250mg |
|
||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Ki: 3300 nM (a4b2 nAChR) and >10 µM (AT1)[1]
Myosmine targets the α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), though with very low affinity (Ki = 3300 nM). This low affinity suggests that its primary biological effects are not mediated through this receptor. Instead, its significance lies in its role as a tobacco alkaloid and its potential to form carcinogenic nitrosamines. |
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
Myosmine is readily nitrosated to produce 4-hydroxy-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (HPB) and N'-nitrosonornicotine, a tobacco carcinogen that causes esophageal cancer[2].
In vitro, Myosmine is characterized by its low affinity for the α4β2 nAChR. It is not typically studied for its direct pharmacological activity but rather for its role as a tobacco alkaloid and its potential toxicological effects. Its primary use is as an analytical standard for detecting tobacco exposure or as a precursor in chemical studies. |
| ln Vivo |
In comparison to the higher doses (0.5 and 50 micromol/kg), where only 77.8% and 75.4% of the dose is found in urine, myosmine (0.001, 0.005, 0.5, and 50 micromol/kg; oral; in Wistar rats) causes a higher percentage of radioactivity excreted in urine (86.2% and 88.9%) at the two lower doses (0.001 and 0.005 micromol/kg)[2].
In vivo, Myosmine is not used for therapeutic purposes. Its relevance is in toxicology, where it is suspected to be a precursor to carcinogenic nitrosamines. It is found in tobacco and some foods, and its presence is a concern for its potential role in cancer development, independent of tobacco smoking. |
| Enzyme Assay |
Non-cell-based assays for Myosmine typically involve its use as an analytical standard. Techniques such as HPLC or LC-MS/MS are used to identify and quantify myosmine in biological or environmental samples. It is also used as a reference standard in toxicological studies to monitor exposure to tobacco alkaloids.
|
| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cellular assays, Myosmine is not typically used as a pharmacological tool. Its primary use is in toxicological studies where its ability to form harmful compounds or its effects on cell viability may be assessed. However, its low receptor affinity makes it a poor candidate for functional cell-based assays.
|
| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies involving Myosmine are typically toxicological in nature. Animals may be exposed to myosmine to study its metabolism, distribution, and potential to form carcinogenic nitrosamines. These studies help to assess the risk posed by this compound as a tobacco-independent carcinogen.
|
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Myosmine has a molecular weight of 146.19 g/mol and a molecular formula of C9H10N2. It is a pyridine alkaloid. It is typically supplied with a purity of ≥98% and is used as an analytical standard and in toxicological research. It should be stored under recommended conditions.
|
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicity profile of Myosmine is related to its potential to form harmful nitrosamines, which are carcinogenic. It is classified as a suspected carcinogen. As a research chemical, it should be handled with extreme care, using appropriate safety precautions to avoid exposure.
|
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Maxamine is a pyridine compound with a 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrole-5-yl substitution at the 3-position of the pyridine ring. It is an alkaloid found in tobacco plants and possesses genotoxic properties. Maxamine functions as a plant metabolite, an EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor, and a mutagen. It is a pyrrolinoline and pyridine alkaloid. Maxamine has been reported to exist in Duboisia hopwoodii, Nicotiana tabacum, and Euglena gracilis, and relevant data are available.
Myosmine (CAS#: 532-12-7) is a tobacco alkaloid of toxicological concern. Its primary relevance is in the study of tobacco-related and independent carcinogenesis due to its potential to form nitrosamines. It serves as an analytical marker for tobacco exposure and is a subject of research into the mechanisms of cancer development. |
| Molecular Formula |
C9H10N2
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
146.19
|
| Exact Mass |
146.084
|
| CAS # |
532-12-7
|
| Related CAS # |
Myosmine-d4;66148-17-2
|
| PubChem CID |
442649
|
| Appearance |
Off-white to yellow <42°C powder,>44°C liquid
|
| Density |
1.1±0.1 g/cm3
|
| Boiling Point |
244.7±22.0 °C at 760 mmHg
|
| Melting Point |
40.5 - 42 °C
|
| Flash Point |
101.8±22.3 °C
|
| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.5 mmHg at 25°C
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.611
|
| LogP |
-0.63
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
1
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
11
|
| Complexity |
163
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| SMILES |
C1(C2=NCCC2)=CC=CN=C1
|
| InChi Key |
DPNGWXJMIILTBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C9H10N2/c1-3-8(7-10-5-1)9-4-2-6-11-9/h1,3,5,7H,2,4,6H2
|
| Chemical Name |
3-(3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-5-yl)pyridine
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O: ≥ 100 mg/mL (684.04 mM)
DMSO: 100 mg/mL (684.04 mM) |
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 6.8404 mL | 34.2021 mL | 68.4041 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.3681 mL | 6.8404 mL | 13.6808 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.6840 mL | 3.4202 mL | 6.8404 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
Copyright 2020 InvivoChem LLC | All Rights Reserved
