| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
GlyT2
GlyT2 (glycine transporter 2), LCAT (lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase), PKC (protein kinase C), and carnitine transporters. |
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In Xenopus laevis oocytes, stearoyl-L-carnitine (0.01-10 μM) decreases glycine (30 μM) transporters by 16.8% at doses up to 3 μM[2]. About 50% of HPCT cells' Na+-dependent [3H]carnitine (20 nM) uptake is inhibited by stearoyl-L-carnitine (500 μM; 30 min)[3].
Stearoyl-L-carnitine chloride is a weak GlyT2 inhibitor, inhibiting the glycine response by 16.8% at concentrations up to 3 μM. In Xenopus laevis oocytes, it decreases glycine (30 μM) transporter activity by 16.8% at doses up to 3 μM. The compound inhibits LCAT activity in rat plasma at 500 μM/mL and inhibits PKC. It inhibits sodium-dependent [3H]carnitine uptake in HPCT cells by 52% at 500 μM. |
| ln Vivo |
Alzheimer's dementia (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and subjective memory complaint (SMC) are associated with considerably lower levels of stearoyl-L-carnitine[1].
In vivo, stearoyl-L-carnitine levels are significantly lower in patients with Alzheimer's dementia (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and subjective memory complaint (SMC). As an endogenous acylcarnitine, it is involved in fatty acid metabolism and mitochondrial function. |
| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme assays are performed to evaluate the inhibitory activity of stearoyl-L-carnitine chloride against GlyT2, LCAT, and PKC. For GlyT2 inhibition, the compound is incubated with Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing GlyT2, and the reduction in glycine transport is measured. LCAT activity is assessed by measuring the esterification of cholesterol in rat plasma. PKC activity is measured using standard kinase assays.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays are conducted using human proximal convoluted tubular (HPCT) cells. The cells are treated with stearoyl-L-carnitine chloride (500 μM; 30 min), and the inhibition of sodium-dependent [3H]carnitine uptake is measured. These assays help to characterize the compound's effects on carnitine transport and cellular metabolism.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo studies involving stearoyl-L-carnitine chloride are primarily focused on measuring its endogenous levels in biological samples. Studies have measured stearoyl-L-carnitine levels in patients with Alzheimer's dementia, mild cognitive impairment, and subjective memory complaint to assess its potential as a biomarker.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Stearoyl-L-carnitine chloride is an endogenous metabolite and is not a drug. As a long-chain acylcarnitine, it is involved in the transport of fatty acids into mitochondria for beta-oxidation. Its levels in biological fluids can be measured to assess metabolic status and lipid metabolism.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
No specific toxicity data are publicly available for stearoyl-L-carnitine chloride. As an endogenous compound, it is generally well-tolerated at physiological concentrations. The compound is a naturally occurring metabolite and is not expected to have significant toxicity at normal levels.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Stearoyl-L-carnitine chloride is an endogenous long-chain acylcarnitine that functions as a weak GlyT2 inhibitor and inhibits LCAT and PKC. It is used as a research tool to study lipid metabolism, mitochondrial function, and neurotransmitter transport. The compound is not a drug and is not approved for human therapeutic use. It is strictly for research purposes.
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| Molecular Formula |
C25H50CLNO4
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
464.12
|
| Exact Mass |
463.342
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| CAS # |
32350-57-5
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| Related CAS # |
Stearoylcarnitine;25597-09-5;Stearoyl-L-carnitine-d3 chloride;2245711-27-5;Stearoyl-L-carnitine-d3;1021439-31-5
|
| PubChem CID |
10813965
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
22
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| Heavy Atom Count |
31
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| Complexity |
431
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
|
| SMILES |
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](CC(=O)O)C[N+](C)(C)C.[Cl-]
|
| InChi Key |
YSVYWVPJJXVIFM-GNAFDRTKSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C25H49NO4.ClH/c1-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19-20-25(29)30-23(21-24(27)28)22-26(2,3)4;/h23H,5-22H2,1-4H3;1H/t23-;/m1./s1
|
| Chemical Name |
[(2R)-3-carboxy-2-octadecanoyloxypropyl]-trimethylazanium;chloride
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.1546 mL | 10.7731 mL | 21.5462 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4309 mL | 2.1546 mL | 4.3092 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2155 mL | 1.0773 mL | 2.1546 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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