| Size | Price | |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
As an amino acid, Arginine hydrochloride's primary targets are enzymes involved in nitric oxide (NO) production, such as nitric oxide synthases (NOS), and enzymes in the urea cycle, such as arginase. Arginine serves as a substrate for NOS to produce NO, a key signaling molecule involved in vasodilation, neurotransmission, and immune function. It is also a substrate for arginase, which converts arginine to ornithine and urea in the urea cycle. Additionally, arginine is a precursor for polyamine biosynthesis and creatine synthesis. The compound can also interact with amino acid transporters and play a role in protein synthesis.
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| ln Vitro |
Commercial ergot supplements have been made from amino acids and their derivatives. They affect the release of anabolic hormones, the availability of fuel for activity, the ability to think clearly under pressure, and the prevention of muscular damage brought on by exertion. They are regarded as advantageous synergistic food ingredients [1].
In vitro studies on arginine have demonstrated its capacity to influence the release of anabolic hormones, modulate fuel availability for cellular activity, enhance mental performance under stress-related conditions, and prevent exercise-induced muscle damage. As a key amino acid, this compound may be used in cell-based assays to investigate nitric oxide production, polyamine synthesis, and the effects of arginine on cellular metabolism. The compound can also be utilized in studies examining the role of arginine in immune function, wound healing, and endothelial function. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo studies on arginine have shown that it affects the release of anabolic hormones, the availability of fuel for activity, the ability to think clearly under pressure, and the prevention of muscular damage brought on by exertion. Arginine supplementation has been studied for its effects on cardiovascular function, exercise performance, immune function, and wound healing. However, specific in vivo pharmacological data for the hydrochloride salt form is consistent with that of L-arginine itself, as it is primarily used as a nutritional supplement and research tool.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Non-cell-based enzyme or receptor binding assays for this compound typically involve enzymatic studies using purified nitric oxide synthases (NOS) or arginase. Standard protocols include incubating varying concentrations of the test compound with the enzyme source in appropriate buffer systems, followed by measurement of enzymatic activity using spectrophotometric or fluorometric detection methods (e.g., Griess assay for nitrite, or urea detection for arginase). The compound can also be used in studies examining arginine metabolism and transport.
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| Cell Assay |
Cell-based assays for arginine typically utilize endothelial cells, immune cells, or other cell types to evaluate nitric oxide production, cell proliferation, and immune function. Standard protocols involve culturing cells in appropriate media at 37°C in 5% CO₂, followed by treatment with varying concentrations of the compound (typically 0.1-10 mM) for 24-72 hours. Nitric oxide production is measured using Griess assay for nitrite, while cell viability is assessed using MTT or other assays. The compound's effects on gene expression can be studied using qPCR or Western blotting.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for arginine typically involve administration via oral gavage, intraperitoneal injection, or intravenous injection in rodent models (mice or rats). Standard protocols include dosing at ranges of 10-300 mg/kg body weight, with observations over 1-14 days depending on the study objectives. For studies evaluating the effects of arginine on cardiovascular function, exercise performance, or immune function, animals may be administered the compound and monitored for various physiological and biochemical parameters. All animal studies must comply with institutional ethical guidelines.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties for arginine hydrochloride are well-characterized. As a small molecule (molecular weight 210.66 g/mol), it is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Arginine is distributed throughout body compartments and is metabolized via the urea cycle and nitric oxide pathways. The compound shows excellent aqueous solubility due to the hydrochloride salt form. For in vivo administration, formulations using aqueous vehicles may be employed. The compound is stable at room temperature during shipping and should be stored as powder at -20°C for long-term preservation. The half-life of arginine in plasma is approximately 1-2 hours.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for arginine hydrochloride are well-established. Arginine is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) at normal dietary and supplemental levels. However, high doses may cause gastrointestinal distress, diarrhea, and in some cases, electrolyte imbalances. Appropriate safety precautions should be observed during handling, including the use of personal protective equipment. The compound may cause skin and eye irritation upon contact. Acute toxicity studies have established LD₅₀ values in animal models. For in vitro cytotoxicity assessment, the compound can be tested in mammalian cell lines using standard assays.
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| References |
[1]. Luckose F, et al. Effects of amino acid derivatives on physical, mental, and physiological activities. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2015;55(13):1793-1144.
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| Additional Infomation |
DL-arginine hydrochloride is the hydrochloride form of the amino acid DL-arginine, a racemic mixture of arginines with potential chemopreventive properties. The mechanism by which DL-arginine exerts its chemopreventive effect may be attributed to its enhancement of detoxification enzyme activity, including the activation of certain antioxidant enzymes, thereby reducing the generation of free radicals.
See also: Arginine hydrochloride (note moved to). Arginine hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of the naturally occurring amino acid L-arginine. Arginine is a semi-essential amino acid that plays critical roles in protein synthesis, nitric oxide (NO) production, the urea cycle, polyamine biosynthesis, and creatine synthesis. The hydrochloride salt form enhances solubility and stability. The compound is used as a dietary supplement, in cell culture media, and in pharmaceutical formulations. It is not an approved drug for therapeutic use; it is strictly for research purposes. |
| Molecular Formula |
C6H15CLN4O2
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
210.66
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| Exact Mass |
228.098
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| CAS # |
32042-43-6
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| PubChem CID |
85880
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Boiling Point |
409.1ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
228 °C
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| Flash Point |
201.2ºC
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| LogP |
1.29
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
5
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
5
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
13
|
| Complexity |
176
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| SMILES |
C(CC(C(=O)O)N)CN=C(N)N.Cl
|
| InChi Key |
KWTQSFXGGICVPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C6H14N4O2.ClH/c7-4(5(11)12)2-1-3-10-6(8)9;/h4H,1-3,7H2,(H,11,12)(H4,8,9,10);1H
|
| Chemical Name |
2-amino-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoic acid;hydrochloride
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.7470 mL | 23.7349 mL | 47.4699 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.9494 mL | 4.7470 mL | 9.4940 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4747 mL | 2.3735 mL | 4.7470 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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