1-Heptanol does not have a defined biological target as a therapeutic agent. It is a primary alcohol used as a solvent, chemical intermediate, and flavoring agent. The compound is not intended to exert pharmacological effects. As an alcohol, it may have general anesthetic or irritant properties, but it is not characterized for specific biological activities such as enzyme inhibition or receptor modulation. Its utility lies in its physical and chemical properties rather than biological activity.

Specific in vitro activity data for 1-Heptanol as a pharmacological agent are not documented in the literature, as it is primarily used as a solvent and chemical intermediate. The compound is not characterized for direct biological activities such as enzyme inhibition, receptor modulation, or antimicrobial effects. Its effects in biological systems, if any, would be related to its general properties as an alcohol, such as membrane disruption or solvent effects at high concentrations.

1-Heptanol is not used for in vivo pharmacological activity assessment as a drug compound. It is a solvent, chemical intermediate, and flavoring agent. The compound is not intended to be administered to animals for pharmacological or toxicological studies as a therapeutic agent. Its safety has been evaluated in the context of its use as a food additive and industrial solvent, but it is not a drug substance.

1-Heptanol is not used in enzyme/receptor binding assays as a test compound. Its primary applications are as a solvent, chemical intermediate, and flavoring agent. When used in research, it may serve as a solvent for organic reactions or as a standard for the analysis of alcohols. Standard chemical and analytical protocols are employed for its use, rather than biochemical assay procedures.

1-Heptanol is not used in cell-based assays as a test compound for pharmacological effects. Its primary applications are as a solvent, chemical intermediate, and flavoring agent. The compound is not characterized for direct cellular effects, cytotoxicity, or any pharmacological activity at relevant concentrations. It may be used as a solvent in cell culture media or for compound solubilization in some research applications.

1-Heptanol is not used in animal studies as a pharmacological agent. Its primary applications are as a solvent, chemical intermediate, and flavoring agent. The compound may be used in toxicological studies to assess its safety as a food additive or industrial chemical, but it is not administered as a test compound for efficacy evaluations. Its safety has been evaluated in the context of its use in food and industrial applications.

Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
In vitro studies showed that the dermal flux of 1-heptanol in human skin (epidermis) was 0.021 mg/cm²/hr. Metabolism/Metabolites In rabbits, 1-heptanol is primarily oxidized to heptanic acid, which can be further oxidized to carbon dioxide or form ester glucuronide. Additionally, a less common metabolic pathway exists: 1-heptanol directly combines with glucuronic acid to form ether glucuronide.

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1-Heptanol has a molecular weight of 116.20 g/mol and a molecular formula of C₇H₁₆O. It is a colorless liquid with a characteristic odor, a boiling point of 176°C, and a density of 0.822 g/mL at 25°C. The compound is slightly soluble in water and miscible with organic solvents. It is used as a solvent, chemical intermediate, and flavoring agent. It is typically stored under standard laboratory conditions, protected from moisture and light.

1-Heptanol is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) as a flavoring agent when used in accordance with good manufacturing practices. It is not intended for human therapeutic use as a drug substance. As a research chemical, standard safety precautions should be observed when handling this compound, including the use of appropriate personal protective equipment. The compound should be handled in well-ventilated areas with proper waste disposal procedures. It may cause skin, eye, and respiratory tract irritation.

colorless, watery liquid with a slightly alcoholic odor, floating on water. (US Coast Guard, 1999)
Heptane-1-ol is a primary alcohol, formed by the substitution of heptane with a hydroxyl group at the 1-position. It has been isolated from Ranunculus parviflorum. It is a plant metabolite, spice, flavoring agent, and intercellular junction communication inhibitor. It is both a primary alcohol and a heptanol.
1-Heptaneol has been reported to exist in Magnolia officinalis, Zea mays, and other organisms with relevant data.
1-Heptaneol is a metabolite found or produced in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
A colorless liquid with a pleasant aroma. It can be used as an intermediate, solvent, and cosmetic ingredient.
Mechanism of Action
…Optical mapping was performed before and after perfusion with 1–50 μM heptanol in 12 isolated perfused canine left atria to map the epicardial surface. At baseline, no persistent (>30 s) atrial fibrillation was induced in any of the 12 tissues. However, after perfusion with 2 μM heptanol, persistent atrial fibrillation was induced in 9 of the 12 tissues (P < 0.001). Heptanol concentrations >5 μM resulted in a loss of 1:1 capture during rapid pacing, thus failing to induce atrial fibrillation. …2 μM heptanol had no effect on the recovery of cellular action potential duration or the maximum rate of rise. The effects of heptanol are reversible. …This experiment investigated the effects of heptanol on isolated Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts. Heptanol inhibited pressure generation and electrical conduction. These effects were completely reversible…Low concentrations of heptanol (below 0.3 mM) resulted in a slightly but significantly increased delay between the stimulus artifact (applied to the basal septum) and local activation of the left ventricle, which was measured by bipolar electrogram (BEG) recording. At concentrations above 0.3 mM heptanol, the latency between stimulation and left ventricular activation increases dramatically… Heptanol shortens the repolarization duration (measured by activation-recovery interval (ARI) of the BEG) and the duration of the monophasic action potential (MAPD70) at 70% repolarization. Heptanol also reduces left ventricular systolic pressure (LVDP) and the maximum systolic and diastolic rates of the left ventricle; these effects are concentration-dependent and reversible. Changes in ARI, LVDP, and maximum rate of change of pressure lack the steep response to 0.3–1.0 mM heptanol, as indicated by the latency… In premature beat stimulation protocols, arrhythmias were induced in hearts perfused with 0.1–0.3 mM heptanol, but not at higher concentrations. …Incubation of n-heptane with microsomal extract yields four isomers of n-heptol. The relationship between hydroxylation and protein concentration, as well as the formation of the three major alcohol products (i.e., 1-heptanol (111706), 2-heptanol (543497), and 3-heptanol (589822)), was linear within 1 mg/4 min. Treatment of rats with phenobarbital (50066) for 2 days increased the hydroxylation and formation of 2-heptanol, 3-heptanol, and 4-heptanol by approximately 4-fold, while the formation of 1-heptanol increased by only 60%. Conversely, 3,4-benzopyrene inhibited the formation of 1-heptanol to approximately 70% and slightly increased the formation of 3-heptanol and 4-heptanol. Carbon monoxide inhibited the formation of 1-heptanol. Similar results were obtained using metheprone. ...Heptanol significantly inhibited the growth of Xenopus tadpoles, with a 120-hour median lethal dose (LD50) and mean teratogenic effect (MTEF) of 1.49 mmol and 0.37 mmol, respectively. The teratogenicity index was 4.03, indicating that heptanol is a strong teratogen.

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1-Heptanol (n-Heptyl alcohol) (CAS#: 111-70-6) has a molecular formula of C₇H₁₆O and a molecular weight of 116.20 g/mol. It is a primary alcohol used as a solvent, chemical intermediate in organic synthesis, and flavoring agent. The compound is found naturally in some essential oils. This compound is not a drug and has not undergone clinical trials.

C7H16O

116.20

116.12

111-70-6

n-Heptyl Alcohol-d15;194793-95-8;1-Heptanol-d7;1219804-99-5;1-Heptanol-d1;38007-42-0

8129

Colorless to light yellow liquid

0.8±0.1 g/cm3

176.9±3.0 °C at 760 mmHg

-29 °F (USCG, 1999) ; -34.6 °C ; -34.1 °C ; -34 °C ; -34.6 °C

73.9±0.0 °C

0.3±0.7 mmHg at 25°C

1.422

2.47

1

1

5

8

35.4

0

CCCCCCCO

BBMCTIGTTCKYKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/C7H16O/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8/h8H,2-7H2,1H3

heptan-1-ol

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.

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Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)
*Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil)
Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).

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Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)]
*Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline
Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil)
Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)

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Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium)
Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).

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Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400
Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders

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Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.

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 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)