Drug compounds have included stable heavy isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, and other elements, mostly as quantitative tracers while the drugs were being developed. Because deuteration may have an effect on a drug's pharmacokinetics and metabolic properties, it is a cause for concern [1].

Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
In vitro studies showed that the dermal flux of 1-heptanol in human skin (epidermis) was 0.021 mg/cm²/hr. Metabolism/Metabolites In rabbits, 1-heptanol is primarily oxidized to heptanic acid, which can be further oxidized to carbon dioxide or form ester glucuronide. Additionally, a less common metabolic pathway exists: 1-heptanol directly combines with glucuronic acid to form ether glucuronide.

Toxicity Data
Mouse LC50 = 6,600 mg/m³/2h

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[1]. Impact of Deuterium Substitution on the Pharmacokinetics of Pharmaceuticals. Ann Pharmacother. 2019 Feb;53(2):211-216.

colorless, watery liquid with a slightly alcoholic odor, floating on water. (US Coast Guard, 1999)
Heptane-1-ol is a primary alcohol, formed by the substitution of heptane with a hydroxyl group at the 1-position. It has been isolated from Ranunculus parviflorum. It is a plant metabolite, spice, flavoring agent, and intercellular junction communication inhibitor. It is both a primary alcohol and a heptanol.
1-Heptaneol has been reported to exist in Magnolia officinalis, Zea mays, and other organisms with relevant data.
1-Heptaneol is a metabolite found or produced in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
A colorless liquid with a pleasant aroma. It can be used as an intermediate, solvent, and cosmetic ingredient.
Mechanism of Action
…Optical mapping was performed before and after perfusion with 1–50 μM heptanol in 12 isolated perfused canine left atria to map the epicardial surface. At baseline, no persistent (>30 s) atrial fibrillation was induced in any of the 12 tissues. However, after perfusion with 2 μM heptanol, persistent atrial fibrillation was induced in 9 of the 12 tissues (P < 0.001). Heptanol concentrations >5 μM resulted in a loss of 1:1 capture during rapid pacing, thus failing to induce atrial fibrillation. …2 μM heptanol had no effect on the recovery of cellular action potential duration or the maximum rate of rise. The effects of heptanol are reversible. …This experiment investigated the effects of heptanol on isolated Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts. Heptanol inhibited pressure generation and electrical conduction. These effects were completely reversible…Low concentrations of heptanol (below 0.3 mM) resulted in a slightly but significantly increased delay between the stimulus artifact (applied to the basal septum) and local activation of the left ventricle, which was measured by bipolar electrogram (BEG) recording. At concentrations above 0.3 mM heptanol, the latency between stimulation and left ventricular activation increases dramatically… Heptanol shortens the repolarization duration (measured by activation-recovery interval (ARI) of the BEG) and the duration of the monophasic action potential (MAPD70) at 70% repolarization. Heptanol also reduces left ventricular systolic pressure (LVDP) and the maximum systolic and diastolic rates of the left ventricle; these effects are concentration-dependent and reversible. Changes in ARI, LVDP, and maximum rate of change of pressure lack the steep response to 0.3–1.0 mM heptanol, as indicated by the latency… In premature beat stimulation protocols, arrhythmias were induced in hearts perfused with 0.1–0.3 mM heptanol, but not at higher concentrations. …Incubation of n-heptane with microsomal extract yields four isomers of n-heptol. The relationship between hydroxylation and protein concentration, as well as the formation of the three major alcohol products (i.e., 1-heptanol (111706), 2-heptanol (543497), and 3-heptanol (589822)), was linear within 1 mg/4 min. Treatment of rats with phenobarbital (50066) for 2 days increased the hydroxylation and formation of 2-heptanol, 3-heptanol, and 4-heptanol by approximately 4-fold, while the formation of 1-heptanol increased by only 60%. Conversely, 3,4-benzopyrene inhibited the formation of 1-heptanol to approximately 70% and slightly increased the formation of 3-heptanol and 4-heptanol. Carbon monoxide inhibited the formation of 1-heptanol. Similar results were obtained using metheprone. ...Heptanol significantly inhibited the growth of Xenopus tadpoles, with a 120-hour median lethal dose (LD50) and mean teratogenic effect (MTEF) of 1.49 mmol and 0.37 mmol, respectively. The teratogenicity index was 4.03, indicating that heptanol is a strong teratogen.

C7H9D7O

123.24

123.164

1219804-99-5

1-Heptanol;111-70-6

8129

Colorless liquid

0.8±0.1 g/cm3

176.9±3.0 °C at 760 mmHg

-29 °F (USCG, 1999)
-34.6 °C
-34.1 °C
-34 °C

73.9±0.0 °C

0.3±0.7 mmHg at 25°C

1.422

2.47

1

1

5

8

35.4

0

C(O)([2H])([2H])C([2H])([2H])C([2H])([2H])C([2H])CCC

BBMCTIGTTCKYKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/C7H16O/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8/h8H,2-7H2,1H3

heptan-1-ol

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.

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Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)
*Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil)
Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).

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Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)]
*Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline
Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil)
Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)

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Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium)
Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).

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Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400
Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders

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Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.

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 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)