| Size | Price | |
|---|---|---|
| 1mg | ||
| 5mg | ||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Natural flavonoid glycoside from American skullcap (Scutellaria lateriflora L.)
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
The aqueous extract of American skullcap (Scutellaria lateriflora L. (S. lateriflora), Lamiaceae) has been traditionally used by North American Indians as a nerve tonic and for its sedative and diuretic properties. Recent reports stated that flavonoids and possibly amino acids are responsible for the anxiolytic activity. As a part of our search for environmentally friendly solvents to extract the active components from medicinal plants, we used S. lateriflora in a comparison of accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) using water, and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) using CO2 and 10% EtOH as modifier, at different temperatures. Flavonoids and amino acids were quantified by HPLC−UV and HPLC−MS, respectively. The flavonoid content was compared with conventional extraction methods (hot water extraction and 70% ethanol). The use of ASE at 85 °C with water as solvent gave the best results for flavonoid glycosides and amino acids, whereas SFE gave higher yields of flavonoid aglycones. However, the results obtained for total flavonoids were not significatively superior to hot water extraction or 70% aqueous EtOH extract [1].
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Baicalin has been reported to exist in Scutellaria scandens, Scutellaria amoena, and other organisms with relevant data. Low-temperature assisted extraction (ASE) is the optimal method for glutamine extraction. There was no significant difference in glutamine recovery between ASE extraction temperatures of 85 and 100 °C. For γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the ethanol extract (70%) showed the highest recovery. Hot water extracts and ASE extraction methods at 85 and 100 °C showed the next highest recoveries. Since glutamine can cross the blood-brain barrier while GABA cannot, the extraction results of glutamine are more important from an activity perspective. Under the conditions tested in this study, the ASE extraction method at 85–100 °C showed the greatest potential for glutamine extraction. For tryptophan, phenylalanine, proline, glutamic acid, asparagine, tyrosine, isoleucine, leucine, and valine, increasing the temperature during ASE extraction led to a decrease in amino acid content. Only tryptophan could be extracted using SFE technology with ethanol as a modifier. The ASE technique using water at 85°C as a solvent is a suitable method for extracting polyphenolic compounds from S. lateriflora. The total flavonoid yield is similar to that of conventional extraction methods, but the glutamine concentration is higher and the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content is lower. A comparison of hot water extraction, ethanol extraction and ASE extraction shows that ASE extraction using water as a solvent has no advantage over flavonoid glycoside extraction. However, SFE-CO2 extraction yields higher aglycone yields. Further experiments could explore improving the experimental conditions of ASE and SFE-CO2, such as using lower temperatures or higher temperatures and lower pressures. [1]
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| Molecular Formula |
C21H20O11
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|---|---|
| Exact Mass |
448.1
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| CAS # |
56226-98-3
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| PubChem CID |
14135325
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
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| LogP |
0.8
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
6
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
11
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
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| Heavy Atom Count |
32
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| Complexity |
695
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
6
|
| SMILES |
C1[C@H](OC2=CC(=C(C(=C2C1=O)O)O)O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)C(=O)O)O)O)O)C4=CC=CC=C4
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| InChi Key |
UVNUGBQJLDGZKE-XDZPIWCFSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C21H20O11/c22-9-6-10(8-4-2-1-3-5-8)30-11-7-12(14(23)15(24)13(9)11)31-21-18(27)16(25)17(26)19(32-21)20(28)29/h1-5,7,10,16-19,21,23-27H,6H2,(H,28,29)/t10-,16-,17-,18+,19-,21+/m0/s1
|
| Chemical Name |
(2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-[[(2S)-5,6-dihydroxy-4-oxo-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydrochromen-7-yl]oxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid
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| Synonyms |
Dihydrobaicalin; 56226-98-3; CHEMBL467197; (2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-[[(2S)-5,6-dihydroxy-4-oxo-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydrochromen-7-yl]oxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid; (2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-(((2S)-5,6-dihydroxy-4-oxo-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydrochromen-7-yl)oxy)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid; BDBM50250625;
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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