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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Anhydrosafflor yellow B targets multiple signaling pathways. It modulates NF-κB and MAPK pathways, which are critical in inflammation and cell survival. The compound inhibits ADP-induced platelet aggregation, indicating activity on platelet activation pathways. It reduces oxidative stress response and inhibits apoptosis through modulation of pro-survival and anti-apoptotic signaling. The compound also inhibits the production of inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α and IL-6, and suppresses myeloperoxidase activity and neutrophil infiltration.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Anhydrosafflor yellow B (100-200 μM) pretreated a neuron-astrocyte co-culture system for 2 hours, followed by stimulation with 6-OHDA (10 μM) for 24 hours, significantly reducing neuronal apoptosis rate and increasing cell survival rate. The compound (50-200 μM) pretreated differentiated PC12 cells for 6 hours, followed by rotenone (0.5 μM) stimulation for 24 hours, significantly increasing cell viability and suppressing rotenone-induced decrease in cell area. It exhibits significant antioxidant effects and activity against H₂O₂-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells and primary neurons.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Anhydrosafflor yellow B (50 μmol/kg, single injection) administered intraperitoneally to C57BL/6J mice with acute lung injury alleviated lung histopathological changes, inhibited TNF-α and IL-6 production, reduced lung wet-to-dry weight ratio and protein concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, decreased total cells and neutrophils in BALF, and suppressed myeloperoxidase-DNA complex formation. In Sprague-Dawley rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion, AHSYB (2, 4, 8 mg/kg, once daily, intravenous tail vein injection for 4 days) effectively reduced infarct volume, improved neurological function, inhibited apoptosis, and decreased oxidative stress.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme/receptor binding assays for Anhydrosafflor yellow B typically involve platelet aggregation inhibition studies where ADP-induced platelet aggregation is measured in platelet-rich plasma using aggregometry. For antioxidant activity, DPPH or ABTS radical scavenging assays are used to measure free radical neutralization. Enzyme-linked assays for inflammatory mediators such as COX, LOX, or cytokine ELISAs may be employed to assess anti-inflammatory mechanisms. NF-κB and MAPK pathway modulation can be evaluated using kinase activity assays or reporter gene systems.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for Anhydrosafflor yellow B commonly use PC12 cells and primary neuronal cells. For neuroprotection studies, cells are pretreated with AHSYB (50-200 μM) for 6 hours followed by rotenone (0.5 μM) or 6-OHDA (10 μM) stimulation, with cell viability assessed by MTT or similar assays. Neuron-astrocyte co-culture systems are used to evaluate the compound's effects on neuronal survival and inflammatory cytokine levels (IL-1β, IL-10). Oxidative stress models using H₂O₂ are employed to assess cytoprotective effects.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments for Anhydrosafflor yellow B utilize mouse and rat models. In the acute lung injury model, C57BL/6J mice receive intraperitoneal injection of AHSYB (50 μmol/kg, single dose). In the MCAO/R model, Sprague-Dawley rats receive intravenous tail vein injections of AHSYB (2, 4, 8 mg/kg) once daily for 4 consecutive days. Endpoints include infarct volume measurement, neurological function scoring, histopathological examination, inflammatory cytokine quantification, and oxidative stress marker analysis.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of Anhydrosafflor yellow B are characteristic of large glycosylated natural products. The compound has a molecular weight of 1044.91 g/mol and molecular formula C₄₈H₅₂O₂₆. As a water-soluble flavonoid pigment, it is expected to have limited oral bioavailability due to its large size and hydrophilic nature. The compound is typically administered intravenously in animal studies. Stability in solution and tissue distribution would be influenced by its extensive glycosylation. Storage: powder at -20°C for 3 years or 4°C for 2 years.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for Anhydrosafflor yellow B are limited. The compound is derived from safflower, a plant with a long history of use in traditional medicine, suggesting a generally favorable safety profile at therapeutic doses. In animal studies, AHSYB was well-tolerated at doses up to 8 mg/kg (intravenous). However, comprehensive toxicological evaluations including acute, sub-chronic, and chronic toxicity studies have not been extensively published. Standard safety pharmacology and toxicology studies would be required for therapeutic development.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
4(2H)-Benzofurone, 7-β-D-pyranoglucopyrano-3-[3-β-D-pyranoglucopyrano-2,3,4-trihydroxy-5-[(2E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxo-2-propenyl]-6-oxo-1,4-cyclohexadien-1-yl]-3,7-dihydro-6,7-dihydroxy-5-[(2E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxo-2-propenyl]-2-[(1S,2R,3R)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxybutyl]-, (2S,3S)- has been reported in safflower, and relevant data are available.
Anhydrosafflor yellow B (CAS# 184840-84-4, molecular formula C₄₈H₅₂O₂₆, molecular weight 1044.91) is a quinochalcone C-glycoside from Carthamus tinctorius. It inhibits ADP-induced platelet aggregation, has significant antioxidant effects, and shows neuroprotective activity. The compound modulates NF-κB and MAPK pathways. No clinical trials or regulatory approvals have been identified. Used in neuroscience and neurological disease research. |
| Molecular Formula |
C48H52O26
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
1044.9109
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| Exact Mass |
1044.274
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| CAS # |
184840-84-4
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| PubChem CID |
145708070
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| Appearance |
Light yellow to yellow solid powder
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| LogP |
-5.1
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
19
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
26
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
14
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| Heavy Atom Count |
74
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| Complexity |
2360
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
15
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| SMILES |
O1C2=C(C(=C(C(/C(/[H])=C(\[H])/C3C([H])=C([H])C(=C([H])C=3[H])O[H])=O)C(C2([C@]2([H])[C@]([H])([C@@]([H])([C@]([H])([C@]([H])(C([H])([H])O[H])O2)O[H])O[H])O[H])O[H])=O)O[H])[C@@]([H])(C2=C(/C(=C(/C(/[H])=C(\[H])/C3C([H])=C([H])C(=C([H])C=3[H])O[H])\O[H])/C(C(C2=O)([C@]2([H])[C@]([H])([C@@]([H])([C@]([H])([C@]([H])(C([H])([H])O[H])O2)O[H])O[H])O[H])O[H])=O)O[H])[C@]1([H])[C@@]([H])([C@]([H])([C@]([H])(C([H])([H])O[H])O[H])O[H])O[H]
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| InChi Key |
NOXZTJVQKYBYAV-ARYFSBDYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C48H52O26/c49-13-22(56)30(57)37(64)40-27(28-33(60)25(20(54)11-5-16-1-7-18(52)8-2-16)41(67)47(70,43(28)69)45-38(65)35(62)31(58)23(14-50)72-45)29-34(61)26(21(55)12-6-17-3-9-19(53)10-4-17)42(68)48(71,44(29)74-40)46-39(66)36(63)32(59)24(15-51)73-46/h1-12,22-24,27,30-32,35-40,45-46,49-54,56-66,70-71H,13-15H2/b11-5+,12-6+,25-20+/t22-,23-,24-,27+,30-,31-,32-,35+,36+,37+,38-,39-,40+,45-,46-,47?,48?/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(6E)-4-[(2S,3R)-4,7-dihydroxy-5-[(E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]-6-oxo-2-[(1S,2R,3R)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxybutyl]-7-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl]-2,5-dihydroxy-6-[(E)-1-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enylidene]-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]cyclohex-4-ene-1,3-dione
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 0.9570 mL | 4.7851 mL | 9.5702 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.1914 mL | 0.9570 mL | 1.9140 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.0957 mL | 0.4785 mL | 0.9570 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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