| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
DPPH; ABTS
Ternatumoside II is reported to stimulate the expression of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), a critical cytokine involved in innate and adaptive immunity against viral and intracellular bacterial infections and in tumor surveillance. As a flavonoid glycoside, it also exhibits radical-scavenging activities, indicating its potential to modulate oxidative stress pathways. However, the specific primary molecular targets mediating its immunostimulatory effects remain to be fully elucidated. |
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| ln Vitro |
In cell-free biochemical assays, Ternatumoside II demonstrates significant radical-scavenging activity. It exhibits an IC50 of 260.5 μM against the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical and an IC50 of 320.2 μM against the ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) radical cation. These values quantify its capacity to neutralize free radicals, which is a key indicator of its antioxidant potential in vitro.
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| ln Vivo |
Specific in vivo data for Ternatumoside II are not extensively reported in the available literature. However, its ability to stimulate IFN-γ expression in vitro suggests potential for in vivo immunomodulatory activity. As a compound that can be isolated from various plant sources used in traditional medicine, it may contribute to the overall pharmacological effects of the plant extracts, but studies on the isolated compound in animal models are currently limited.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Ternatumoside II is characterized and quantified using standard analytical techniques such as High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and Mass Spectrometry (MS). Its free radical-scavenging activity is assessed using the DPPH and ABTS assays. In these assays, the compound is dissolved in a suitable solvent (e.g., methanol or DMSO) and mixed with a stable radical solution. The decrease in absorbance, measured spectrophotometrically, indicates the compound's ability to donate electrons and neutralize the radicals.
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| Cell Assay |
For cellular studies investigating its biological activity, appropriate cell lines such as immune cells (e.g., lymphocytes or macrophages) would be cultured in suitable media. Ternatumoside II, typically dissolved in DMSO, would be added to the culture at various concentrations. After treatment, the expression of IFN-γ and other cytokines could be measured by ELISA or qPCR to assess its immunomodulatory effects. The compound is soluble in DMSO, chloroform, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and acetone.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo studies for Ternatumoside II are not detailed in the available literature. If conducted, they would likely involve administering the compound via oral gavage or intraperitoneal injection to animal models to study its effects on immune function or oxidative stress. For immunomodulatory studies, endpoints would include measuring cytokine levels in serum, assessing immune cell populations, and evaluating the host response to challenges such as infection.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Specific pharmacokinetic (PK) data for Ternatumoside II are not reported. As a flavonoid glycoside with a relatively high molecular weight (594.52 g/mol), it is expected to have limited oral bioavailability due to poor membrane permeability and extensive metabolism by intestinal enzymes. It may be soluble in DMSO for in vitro experiments. Pharmacokinetic studies would be required to determine its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) profile.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for Ternatumoside II are limited. As a natural flavonoid glycoside found in various plant sources, it is generally considered to have a moderate safety profile. However, comprehensive toxicology studies including acute, subchronic, and genotoxicity assessments have not been reported. The compound is for research use only and not for human therapeutic use.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Ternatumoside II is a natural flavonoid glycoside with immunomodulatory and antioxidant activities. It can stimulate IFN-γ expression and has radical-scavenging activities (IC50s of 260.5 μM and 320.2 μM for DPPH and ABTS, respectively). No clinical trials or regulatory approvals exist for this compound. It is intended for research purposes only, not for therapeutic applications.
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| Molecular Formula |
C27H30O15
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
594.518109798431
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| Exact Mass |
594.15847025
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| CAS # |
1473419-87-2
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
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| InChi Key |
JAQAIBSNJJWIKR-GTGBIAQCSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C27H30O15/c1-9-17(32)24(41-26-21(36)20(35)18(33)15(8-28)40-26)22(37)27(38-9)42-25-19(34)16-13(31)6-12(30)7-14(16)39-23(25)10-2-4-11(29)5-3-10/h2-7,9,15,17-18,20-22,24,26-33,35-37H,8H2,1H3/t9-,15+,17-,18+,20-,21+,22+,24+,26-,27-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
3-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6S)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.6820 mL | 8.4101 mL | 16.8203 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3364 mL | 1.6820 mL | 3.3641 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1682 mL | 0.8410 mL | 1.6820 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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