| Size | Price | |
|---|---|---|
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
α-Lactose hydrate does not have a specific biological target as a therapeutic agent. As a disaccharide, it is hydrolyzed by the enzyme lactase in the small intestine to its constituent monosaccharides, glucose and galactose, which are then absorbed and metabolized. In pharmaceutical applications, it serves as an excipient and does not exert pharmacological effects.
|
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, α-Lactose hydrate is used as a component of cell culture media, providing an energy source for certain cell types. It is also used as a cryoprotectant in the preservation of cells and tissues. As a pharmaceutical excipient, it is used in tablet formulations as a filler and binder. However, specific biological activity data are not applicable as this is an excipient rather than a bioactive compound.
|
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, α-Lactose hydrate is digested by lactase in the small intestine to glucose and galactose, which are absorbed and metabolized for energy. In individuals with lactase deficiency, lactose is not properly digested, leading to lactose intolerance symptoms such as bloating, gas, and diarrhea. The compound is also used as a caloric sweetener and food ingredient.
|
| Enzyme Assay |
No specific protocols for enzyme/receptor binding assays are available for α-Lactose hydrate. As a disaccharide, it is a substrate for the enzyme lactase. Lactase activity assays involve incubating the enzyme with lactose and measuring the production of glucose and galactose using glucose oxidase or other detection methods. These assays are used to diagnose lactose intolerance and to study lactase enzyme activity.
|
| Cell Assay |
Cell-based assays for α-Lactose hydrate are not typically performed as it is a sugar and excipient rather than a bioactive compound. However, it may be used in cell culture media as a nutrient source. For studies of lactose metabolism, intestinal epithelial cells expressing lactase can be used to study lactose hydrolysis and glucose uptake.
|
| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments for α-Lactose hydrate are not typically conducted for pharmacological purposes. However, animal models of lactose intolerance are used to study the digestion and absorption of lactose and to test lactase supplements or lactose-free formulations. The compound is also used in nutritional studies.
|
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic data for α-Lactose hydrate are well understood. After ingestion, lactose is hydrolyzed by lactase in the small intestine to glucose and galactose, which are absorbed via sodium-dependent glucose transporters. In individuals with lactase deficiency, lactose passes undigested to the colon where it is fermented by gut microbiota, producing gas and organic acids. The compound is not metabolized systemically.
|
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
α-Lactose hydrate is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for use in food and pharmaceutical applications. In individuals with lactase deficiency, ingestion can cause gastrointestinal symptoms including bloating, gas, abdominal pain, and diarrhea due to undigested lactose being fermented in the colon. The compound is not considered toxic at normal consumption levels.
|
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
α-Lactose monohydrate is a glycoside.
α-Lactose hydrate (α-D-Lactose hydrate) is a disaccharide sugar found in mammalian milk, composed of galactose and glucose. It is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry as an excipient, filler, and binder in tablet formulations, and in the food industry as a sweetener and bulking agent. It is also used as a cryoprotectant and in cell culture media. It is not a drug and is not approved for any clinical indication. |
| Molecular Formula |
C12H24O12
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
360.31
|
| Exact Mass |
360.126
|
| CAS # |
5989-81-1
|
| PubChem CID |
104938
|
| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
|
| Density |
1.53 g/cm3
|
| Boiling Point |
667.9ºC at 760 mmHg
|
| Melting Point |
219ºC
|
| Flash Point |
357.8ºC
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.652
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
9
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
12
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
24
|
| Complexity |
382
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
10
|
| SMILES |
C([C@@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)O[C@@H]2[C@H](O[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]2O)O)O)CO)O)O)O)O.O
|
| InChi Key |
WSVLPVUVIUVCRA-KPKNDVKVSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C12H22O11.H2O/c13-1-3-5(15)6(16)9(19)12(22-3)23-10-4(2-14)21-11(20)8(18)7(10)17;/h3-20H,1-2H2;1H2/t3-,4-,5+,6+,7-,8-,9-,10-,11+,12+;/m1./s1
|
| Chemical Name |
(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol;hydrate
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.7754 mL | 13.8769 mL | 27.7539 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5551 mL | 2.7754 mL | 5.5508 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2775 mL | 1.3877 mL | 2.7754 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Link: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04894617
Conditions:Covid19Link: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01288781
Conditions:High Altitude HeadacheProducts are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
Copyright 2020 InvivoChem LLC | All Rights Reserved
