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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
The primary molecular targets of Crenulatin are involved in apoptosis regulation. It has a bidirectional effect on brain microvascular endothelial cell apoptosis by regulating Fas/Bcl-2 expression and caspase-3 activity. At different concentrations, it can either induce or inhibit apoptosis. It induces apoptosis at higher concentrations (100 mg/L) in in vitro studies. The compound also exhibits antioxidant activity by scavenging free radicals and anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting inflammatory pathways.
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| ln Vitro |
In mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells (bEnd. 3 cell line), crenulatin (25 mg/L, 100 mg/L; 24 hours) promotes apoptosis at 100 mg/L and suppresses apoptosis at 25 mg/L. Apoptosis is accompanied by an increase or decrease in caspase-3 expression [3].
In vitro, Crenulatin has a bidirectional effect on apoptosis in mouse cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (bEnd.3), acting through regulation of Fas/Bcl-2 expression and caspase-3 activity. At higher concentrations (100 mg/L), it induces apoptosis. The compound exhibits notable antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. It has been studied for its potential to scavenge free radicals and inhibit inflammatory pathways. These in vitro activities support its potential for oxidative stress and inflammation research. |
| ln Vivo |
Specific in vivo activity data for Crenulatin are not extensively detailed in the available literature. As a natural gallotannin from Rhodiola rosea, a plant traditionally used in herbal medicine, it may contribute to the adaptogenic and health-promoting effects of the plant. Its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities suggest potential in vivo benefits in models of oxidative stress-related diseases. However, systematic in vivo studies have not been reported.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Typical in vitro assays for Crenulatin include apoptosis assays using mouse cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (bEnd.3). Cells are treated with the compound at various concentrations, and apoptosis is assessed by measuring Fas and Bcl-2 expression (Western blot) and caspase-3 activity (fluorometric or colorimetric assays). Antioxidant activity is assessed by DPPH or ABTS radical scavenging assays. Anti-inflammatory activity is assessed by measuring cytokine production in treated cells.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays for Crenulatin typically involve treating bEnd.3 mouse cerebral microvascular endothelial cells with the compound at concentrations ranging from 1-100 mg/L for 24-48 hours. Apoptosis is evaluated by measuring Fas and Bcl-2 expression by Western blot and caspase-3 activity by fluorometric assays. Cell viability is assessed by MTT assay. For antioxidant studies, ROS levels are measured using fluorescent probes. For anti-inflammatory studies, cytokine levels are measured by ELISA.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments for Crenulatin are not detailed in the available literature. As a compound from Rhodiola rosea with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, it may have potential in animal models of oxidative stress, inflammation, and neurodegenerative diseases. However, specific protocols including dosing regimens and endpoints are not available. Further research is needed to evaluate its in vivo efficacy.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic data for Crenulatin are limited. As a gallotannin with a molecular weight of 484.36 g/mol, it would be expected to have poor oral bioavailability due to its size and hydrophilicity. Gallotannins are typically metabolized by gut microbiota. However, detailed ADME parameters are not available in the consulted sources. The compound is intended for research use only.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for Crenulatin are limited. As a natural gallotannin from Rhodiola rosea, a plant traditionally used in herbal medicine, it is generally considered to have low toxicity. However, comprehensive toxicological studies have not been reported. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed when handling the compound. It is not approved for human use.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Rhodioloside is a glycoside. It has been reported that rhodioloside exists in Rhodiola rosea, Rhodiola rosea, and other organisms with relevant data.
Crenulatin is a natural gallotannin from Rhodiola rosea with bidirectional effects on apoptosis through regulation of Fas/Bcl-2 expression and caspase-3 activity. It exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities and can be used as a biomarker for identifying adulterated R. rosea products. It is a research compound for studying apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation. It is not approved for any clinical indication. |
| Molecular Formula |
C11H20O6
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
248.27
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| Exact Mass |
248.126
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| CAS # |
63026-02-8
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| PubChem CID |
5316128
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| LogP |
-1
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
4
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
6
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
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| Heavy Atom Count |
17
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| Complexity |
267
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
5
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| SMILES |
CC(C)(C=C)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O1)CO)O)O)O
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| InChi Key |
ZEGGZNOPAPRAIG-SPFKKGSWSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C11H20O6/c1-4-11(2,3)17-10-9(15)8(14)7(13)6(5-12)16-10/h4,6-10,12-15H,1,5H2,2-3H3/t6-,7-,8+,9-,10+/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-(2-methylbut-3-en-2-yloxy)oxane-3,4,5-triol
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.0279 mL | 20.1394 mL | 40.2787 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.8056 mL | 4.0279 mL | 8.0557 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4028 mL | 2.0139 mL | 4.0279 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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