| Size | Price | |
|---|---|---|
| 500mg | ||
| 1g | ||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
- α-L-Rhamnose recognizing lectin site on human dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes. [2]
- The lectin site shows relative specificity for rhamnose and also binds to glucose and fucose with lower affinity. [2] |
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
- In Normal Human Dermal Fibroblasts (NHDFs), α-L-Rhamnose (10 µg/ml) triggered early and transient increases in intracellular free Ca²⁺ concentration. [2]
- In NHDFs, the addition of Rhamnose-rich polysaccharide (RROP-1, 10 µg/ml) induced a strong activation of calcium channels, with a measured conductance of 23 pS, and increased transmembrane calcium current up to 4 pA. [2] - RROP-1 (10 µg/ml) treatment of NHDFs for 48 hours resulted in the down-regulation (20-30%, to about 70-80% of control value) of 12 genes: SERPINE1 (PAI-1), STAB2 (stabilin-2), FGF1 (fibroblast growth factor-1), FGF9, TGFB3, ITGB1 (integrin beta-1), COL1A1 (collagen-1-alpha-1), NID (nidogen), IL-8 (interleukin-8), PDGFC (platelet-derived growth factor-C), FGFR2 (fibroblast growth factor receptor-2), and LAMB1 (laminin-beta-1 chain). [2] - ELISA experiments confirmed that RROP-1 (10 µg/ml) stimulation of NHDFs led to a 20% decrease in PDGF release compared to control. [2] |
| Enzyme Assay |
- Patch-Clamp for Calcium Channel Activity (NHDFs): Single-channel currents were recorded at 22°C from cell-attached patches on NHDF membranes (Holding Potential = +20 mV). Before recording, cells were washed and bathed in physiological saline solution (PSS: 125 mM NaCl, 5.6 mM KCl, 2.4 mM CaCl₂, 1.2 mM MgCl₂, 10 mM HEPEs, pH 7.4). The patch pipette was filled with 90 mM Ba(CH₃COO)₂ and 10 mM HEPEs (pH 7.4). Barium was used to improve signal resolution. NHDF membrane resting potential was assumed to be -109 ± 3 mV. RROP-1 was added to the bath during recording. Recorded transmembrane currents were integrated and analyzed using software. [2]
- Microarray for Gene Expression (NHDFs): After 48-hour incubation of cells with RROP-1 (10 or 100 µg/ml), RNA was isolated. cDNA strand synthesis was carried out and labelled with Biotin-11-dUTP. Array microtubes with 127 50-mer probes covering genes for cell cycle, migration, adhesion, ECM components, etc., were used. Hybridization was carried out at 45°C for 3 hours. A blocking step was followed by incubation with poly-horseradish peroxidase-streptavidin conjugate. Hybridized probes were revealed by adding peroxidase substrate. Detection was done with an Array Tube Reader. Data were analyzed with IconoClust software. A Mann-Whitney non-parametric test was performed (significance at p< 0.05). β-actin and GAPD were used for normalization. [2] - ELISA for PDGF (NHDFs): After application of 10 µg/ml RROP-1 to NHDFs, absorbance of cell culture media was determined using a microplate reader at a wavelength of 450 nm with a correction wavelength of 570 nm. [2] |
| Cell Assay |
- Intracellular Free Calcium Concentration ([Ca²⁺]i) Measurement in NHDFs and HUVECs: Fluorescence microscopy was performed on adhering cells using the calcium-sensitive dye FLUO3 (excitation: 488 nm, emission: >510 nm). Cells were washed with PSS, then incubated with a solution containing 2.5 µM FLUO3/AM, 2% bovine serum albumin, and 0.08% Pluronic F127 for 45 minutes at 37°C (NHDFs) or 25 minutes at room temperature (HUVECs) in the dark. Cells were then washed and bathed in PSS. Fluorescence was recorded for about 15 minutes (1 image each 5 seconds) using a Cell-R system. F/fo (ratio of current fluorescence to initial fluorescence) was assumed to be indicative of [Ca²⁺]i. RROP-1 (0.01 - 10 µg/ml), RROP-3 (1.3 µg/ml), L-Rhamnose (10 µg/ml), or other agonists were added 2 minutes after recording started. [2]
- MTT Viability Test (NHDFs): The MTT method was used to investigate the effect of four concentrations of RROP-1 (10, 100, 250, and 500 µg/ml) on NHDFs. 10 and 100 µg/ml RROP-1 were found to be suitable for subsequent microarray experiments. [2] |
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Metabolism / Metabolites
α-L-rhamnose is a known metabolite of quercetin in the human body. |
| References |
|
| Additional Infomation |
α-L-rhamnopyranose is an L-rhamnopyranose with an α-configuration at its terminal carbon atom. It can function as an epitope. α-L-rhamnoose is found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strains K12 and MG1655). It has been reported to be present in morning glory, primrose, and other organisms with relevant data. See also: Bella pectin (monomer); biosaccharide GUM-2 (monomer)..
- General: Rhamnose is a sugar component not demonstrated in vertebrate glycoconjugates but is present in plant and prokaryote glycoconjugates. [2] - Background: An α-L-Rhamnose recognizing lectin was demonstrated on human keratinocytes. The addition of Rhamnose-rich oligo- and polysaccharides (RROPs) to fibroblasts stimulates cell proliferation and increases extracellular matrix biosynthesis, suggesting this lectin site functions as a receptor transmitting messages to the cell interior. [2] - Mechanism: The interaction of RROP-1 with the α-L-Rhamnose recognizing lectin site on NHDFs leads to activation of membrane calcium channels, resulting in a fast and transient increase in intracellular free Ca²⁺ levels, which subsequently modulates gene expression. [2] - Source of RROP-1: The Rhamnose-rich polysaccharide-1 (RROP-1) used in the study was obtained from Klebsiella pneumoniae, a non-pathogenic bacterial strain. It has an average molecular weight of about 50 kDa and consists of repeating pentasaccharide units composed of α-L-Rhamnose, β-D-Galactose, and β-D-glucuronic acid, with one Rhamnose per pentasaccharide protruding from the chain. [2] |
| Molecular Formula |
C6H12O5
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
164.16
|
| Exact Mass |
182.079
|
| CAS # |
6014-42-2
|
| PubChem CID |
439710
|
| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
|
| Density |
1.556±0.06 g/cm3(Predicted)
|
| Boiling Point |
323.9±42.0 °C(Predicted)
|
| Melting Point |
91-93ºC
|
| LogP |
-2.1
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
4
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
0
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
11
|
| Complexity |
139
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
5
|
| SMILES |
O1[C@]([H])([C@@]([H])([C@@]([H])([C@]([H])([C@]1([H])C([H])([H])[H])O[H])O[H])O[H])O[H]
|
| InChi Key |
SHZGCJCMOBCMKK-HGVZOGFYSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C6H12O5/c1-2-3(7)4(8)5(9)6(10)11-2/h2-10H,1H3/t2-,3-,4+,5+,6+/m0/s1
|
| Chemical Name |
(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-6-methyloxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol
|
| Synonyms |
alpha-L-Rhamnose; Alpha-l-rhamnopyranose; 6014-42-2; 6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranose; alpha-L-Mannomethylose;
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 6.0916 mL | 30.4581 mL | 60.9162 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.2183 mL | 6.0916 mL | 12.1832 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.6092 mL | 3.0458 mL | 6.0916 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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