| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 250mg |
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| 500mg |
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| 1g |
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| Targets |
Deoxyribonucleic acid sodium salt does not have a specific pharmacological target in the traditional sense of drug-receptor interactions. As a nucleic acid polymer, it serves as a substrate for various DNA-binding proteins and enzymes, including DNA polymerases, restriction endonucleases, DNA ligases, and transcription factors. In research applications, it is used to study protein-DNA interactions, DNA repair mechanisms, and the effects of DNA-binding compounds. It is also used as a carrier or blocking agent in hybridization assays to reduce non-specific binding.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, DNA sodium salt is used as a substrate to study the physicochemical interactions between DNA and various molecules, including intercalators, groove binders, modifiers, detection agents, and densifiers. It serves as a model system for investigating DNA structure, stability, and conformational changes upon ligand binding. It is also used in gel retardation assays to study protein-DNA interactions and in nuclease protection assays to evaluate DNA-binding protein specificity. DNA sodium salt can be used as a competitive inhibitor in binding studies to assess the specificity of DNA-targeting compounds.
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| ln Vivo |
DNA sodium salt does not have direct in vivo pharmacological activity as a therapeutic agent. However, it is used in various research applications, including as a carrier for nucleic acid delivery, as an immunostimulatory agent in certain vaccine formulations, and as a component in DNA-based biosensors. In animal models, DNA sodium salt may be administered to study its effects on the immune system or to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of DNA-binding drugs. Its primary in vivo applications are in research rather than therapeutic contexts.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The in vitro enzyme/receptor binding assay for DNA sodium salt typically involves studying interactions between DNA and DNA-binding proteins or small molecules. For protein-DNA binding studies, electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) are commonly used, where DNA sodium salt is incubated with a protein of interest, and the resulting complexes are resolved on native polyacrylamide gels. For small molecule-DNA interactions, techniques such as UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism, and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) are employed to measure binding affinity and mode of interaction.
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| Cell Assay |
The in vitro cell-based assay for DNA sodium salt involves culturing cells and treating them with DNA sodium salt to assess its effects on cellular processes. DNA sodium salt may be used as a transfection carrier or as a model substrate for studying DNA uptake and intracellular trafficking. In cell-based assays, DNA sodium salt can be labeled with fluorescent dyes to visualize cellular uptake and localization. It may also be used in cell proliferation or viability assays to assess cytotoxicity of DNA-binding compounds. Standard cell culture protocols with appropriate cell lines (e.g., HEK293, HeLa) are employed.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies involving DNA sodium salt typically focus on its use as a research tool rather than as a therapeutic agent. In vaccine research, DNA sodium salt may be administered as an adjuvant or carrier. In pharmacokinetic studies of DNA-binding drugs, DNA sodium salt may be used to assess drug-DNA binding in vivo. Animals are administered DNA sodium salt via various routes (oral, intravenous, intraperitoneal) at defined doses, and samples are collected for analysis of DNA distribution, metabolism, and clearance. Detailed protocols depend on the specific research application.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
The pharmacokinetic properties of DNA sodium salt depend on its molecular weight, formulation, and route of administration. As a high-molecular-weight polymer, DNA sodium salt is not significantly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract when administered orally. When administered intravenously, it is rapidly cleared from circulation by the liver and spleen. It is degraded by nucleases in the bloodstream and tissues into oligonucleotides and nucleotides, which are further metabolized to uric acid and excreted in the urine. The half-life of intact DNA in circulation is typically short (minutes to hours).
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicity of DNA sodium salt is generally low, as it is a naturally occurring biopolymer. When administered at high doses or via certain routes, it may elicit immune responses, including cytokine release and activation of the innate immune system through Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) recognition of unmethylated CpG motifs. In cell culture, DNA sodium salt is typically non-toxic at concentrations used for hybridization and binding studies. Standard toxicology assessments would include evaluation of immunogenicity, pyrogenicity, and potential for nucleic acid-induced inflammation.
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| Additional Infomation |
Deoxyribonucleic acid sodium salt is a research-grade reagent and is not approved for therapeutic use. It is commonly extracted from salmon testes and is available in various grades of purity. Applications include use as a blocking agent in hybridization assays (Northern, Southern, in situ), as a substrate for studying DNA-ligand interactions, as a carrier for nucleic acid delivery, and as a standard in DNA quantification assays. It is a fundamental tool in molecular biology, biochemistry, and biophysics research.
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| CAS # |
438545-06-3
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|---|---|
| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
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| Source |
Deoxyribonucleic acid sodium salt from salmon testes
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| Synonyms |
Deoxyribonucleic acid sodium salt from salmon testes
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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