| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| ln Vitro |
Dimethyl fumarate isosorbide difurate (25-100 μg/mL; 1 hour) has no phototoxicity to neonatal human dermal fibroblasts [1]. Dimethyl fumarate isosorbide difurate (1-200 μg/mL) has no mutagenic effect on Salmonella Typhimurium strains TA1535 and TA1537 [1]. In cytokine-stimulated human keratinocytes, dimethyl fumarate isosorbide difurate (24 hours) upregulates genes related to oxidative stress and exogenous metabolism, while downregulating genes related to immune response and epithelial differentiation [1]. Dimethyl fumarate isosorbide difurate (1-10 μg/mL; 24 hours) activates the NRF2/ARE pathway in human embryonic kidney 293 cells and significantly increases the expression of luciferase reporter genes [1].
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| ln Vivo |
Applying dimethyl isosorbide (100 mg cream; topical; 5 days a week; for 13 days) to the tail skin of normal mice increased granular layer thickness and hyperkeratosis without causing skin irritation or pathological changes [1]. In female Wistar rats, dimethyl isosorbide (200–2000 mg/kg; topical; single dose) did not cause acute skin toxicity, skin irritation, or systemic adverse reactions [1]. In male New Zealand white rabbits, dimethyl isosorbide (500 mg; topical; single dose; 4 hours) caused only transient, mild skin irritation that subsided rapidly [1]. In Hartley guinea pigs, dimethyl isosorbide (100 mg; topical; 6 hours each time on days 0, 7, and 14 (induction); 6 hours each time on day 28 (challenge)) did not cause skin sensitization or systemic adverse reactions [1]. Isosorbide di(methyl fumarate) (5% emulsion; for external use; once daily for 6 days) significantly reduced erythema, scaling and skin thickness in imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like lesions in mice, while regulating gene expression to suppress immune response and promote epidermal development [1].
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| Cell Assay |
Cytotoxicity assay [1]
Cell Types: Neonatal human dermal fibroblasts Tested Concentrations: 25, 50, 100 μg/mL Incubation Duration: 1 hour Experimental Results: At a concentration of 25 μg/mL, the uptake rate of neutral red by UVA(-) cells was 97.1%, and that by UVA(+) cells was 84.7%. At a concentration of 50 μg/mL, the uptake rate of neutral red by UVA(-) cells was 57.5%, and that by UVA(+) cells was 53%. At a concentration of 100 μg/mL, the uptake rate of neutral red by UVA(-) cells was 1.3%, and that by UVA(+) cells was 0.3%. The results showed that UVA treatment significantly reduced cell viability at 0, 25, and 50 μg/mL, but the reduction in viability was similar for UVA(-) and UVA(+) cells at each concentration, indicating no phototoxic effect. |
| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models:BALB/c (male, 5-7 weeks old) [1]
Doses: 100 mg IDMF topical cream Route of Administration: Topical application; once daily (5 days a week); for 13 days Experimental Results: No erythema or increased scaling was observed. Granular layer thickness increased by 28%, and hyperkeratosis increased by 34.5%. No leukocyte infiltration, parakeratosis, or hyperkeratosis was observed. Animal/Disease Models:BALB/c (male, 8-9 weeks old, psoriasis-like lesions induced by daily topical application of 5% imiquimod cream for 5 consecutive days) [1] Doses: 5% imiquimod cream Route of Administration: Topical application; once daily; for 6 days (administered 1 hour after application of imiquimod cream on days 1-5, and administered alone on day 6) Experimental Results: Skin erythema was significantly reduced on days 5 and 6. Skin scaling/desquamation and skin thickness were reduced on day 6. 68 genes related to hair growth cycle and epidermal development were upregulated. 98 genes related to immune response activation, granulocyte migration and immune effector processes were downregulated. |
| References |
| Molecular Formula |
C16H18O10
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
370.31
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| CAS # |
2013542-44-2
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| Appearance |
White to light yellow solid
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| SMILES |
COC(/C=C/C(O[C@H]1[C@]2([H])[C@@](OC1)([H])[C@H](CO2)OC(/C=C/C(OC)=O)=O)=O)=O
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| Synonyms |
IDMF
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.7004 mL | 13.5022 mL | 27.0044 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5401 mL | 2.7004 mL | 5.4009 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2700 mL | 1.3502 mL | 2.7004 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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