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Ephemeranthol A

Cat No.:V135155 Purity: ≥98%
Ephemeranthol A is a phenanthrene compound with anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities.
Ephemeranthol A
Ephemeranthol A Chemical Structure CAS No.: 135545-86-7
Product category: Interleukin Related
This product is for research use only, not for human use. We do not sell to patients.
Size Price
500mg
1g
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Product Description
Ephemeranthol A is a phenanthrene compound with anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. It exerts a significant anti-inflammatory effect in macrophages by inhibiting the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Ephemeranthol A induces apoptosis and inhibits metastasis in lung cancer cells by inhibiting the FAK/Akt signaling pathway and EMT process. Ephemeranthol A can be used in research on acute and chronic inflammatory diseases and non-small cell lung cancer.
Biological Activity I Assay Protocols (From Reference)
ln Vitro
At concentrations ≤25 μg/mL, Ephemeranthol A (6.25-50 μg/mL; 25 h) showed no cytotoxicity to Raw 264.7 cells, but at a concentration of 50 μg/mL, it reduced cell viability [1]. Ephemeranthol A (6.25-50 μg/mL; 7-25 h) effectively inhibited LPS-induced production of NO, iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in Raw 264.7 cells [1]. Ephemeranthol A (25 μg/mL; 1.5-2 h) blocked LPS-induced IκB degradation and inhibited nuclear translocation of NF-κB subunits p50 and p65 [1]. Centipede alcohol A (6.25-25 μg/mL; 1 h) inhibited LPS-induced phosphorylation of p38 and JNK in Raw 264.7 cells [1]. Centipede alcohol A (5-200 μM; 24-48 h) reduced the viability of human non-small cell lung cancer H460 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, with an IC50 of >200 μM at 24 h and 150.5 μM at 48 h [2]. Centipede alcohol A (10-100 μM; 24 h) induced apoptosis in human non-small cell lung cancer H460 cells in a concentration-dependent manner [2]. Centipede alcohol A (50-100 μM; 48 h) induced apoptosis in human non-small cell lung cancer H460 cells within 48 h by reducing Bcl-2 levels and activating caspase-9, caspase-3 and PARP [2]. Centipede alcohol A (50-100 μM; 48 h) inhibited the activation of the FAK-Akt signaling pathway in human non-small cell lung cancer H460 cells within 48 h [2]. Centipede alcohol A (5-50 μM; 48 h) inhibited the anchorage-independent growth of human non-small cell lung cancer H460 cells[2]. Centipede alcohol A (10-100 μM; 24-48 h) inhibited the migration of human non-small cell lung cancer H460 cells[2]. Centipede alcohol A (5-100 μM; 24-48 h) inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition and induced epithelial morphological changes in human non-small cell lung cancer H460 cells[2].
Cell Assay
Western Blot Analysis [1]
Cell Types: Raw 264.7 mouse macrophages
Tested Concentrations: 25 μg/mL
Incubation Duration: Pre-incubation for 1 hour; LPS stimulation for 6 hours
Experimental Results: LPS-induced reduction in iNOS protein production was observed in Raw 264.7 cells. LPS-induced reduction in COX-2 protein production was observed in Raw 264.7 cells.
RT-PCR[1]
Cell Types: Raw 264.7 mouse macrophages
Tested Concentrations: 25 μg/mL
Incubation Duration: Pre-incubation for 1 hour; LPS stimulation for 6 hours
Experimental Results: Significantly reduced LPS-induced mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA levels were reduced to those of the unstimulated control group.
ELISA detection [1]
Cell Types: Raw 264.7 mouse macrophages
Tested Concentrations: 25 μg/mL
Incubation Duration: Pre-incubation for 1 hour; LPS stimulation for 24 hours
Experimental Results: Significantly inhibited the production of LPS-induced TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β proteins in Raw 264.7 cells.
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Western Blot Analysis [1]
Cell Types: Raw 264.7 mouse macrophages
Tested Concentrations: 25 μg/mL
Incubation Duration: Pre-incubation for 1 hour; LPS stimulation for 30 minutes or 1 hour
Experimental Results: LPS-induced IκB degradation was blocked 30 minutes after stimulation. The inhibitory effect lasted until 1 hour after stimulation. LPS-induced translocation of p50 and p65 to the nucleus was inhibited 30 minutes after stimulation.
Western Blot Analysis [1]
Cell Types: Raw 264.7 mouse macrophages
Tested Concentrations: 25 μg/mL (p38, JNK phosphorylation, 10/20 min); 6.25, 12.5 and 25 μg/mL (p38 phosphorylation, 10 min)
Incubation Duration: Pre-incubation for 1 hour; LPS stimulation for 10 or 20 minutes (p38, JNK phosphorylation); Pre-incubation for 1 hour, LPS stimulation for 10 minutes (p38 phosphorylation dose-response)
Experimental Results: P38 and JNK phosphorylation decreased 10 and 20 minutes after LPS stimulation. The inhibitory effect on JNK phosphorylation lasted for 20 minutes. At concentrations of 6.25, 12.5, and 25 μg/mL, LPS-induced p38 phosphorylation was reduced in a dose-dependent manner.
Cytotoxicity assay [2]
Cell Types: Human non-small cell lung cancer H460 cells
Tested Concentrations: 5, 10, 50, 100 and 200 μM
Incubation Duration: 24 hours; 48 hours
Experimental Results: At concentrations ≤50 μM, no toxicity or slight toxicity was observed. At concentrations of 100 μM and 200 μM, cell viability was significantly reduced after 24 hours and 48 hours. The IC50 value at 24 hours was >200 μM, and the IC50 value at 48 hours was >150.5 μM.
Apoptosis Analysis [2]
Cell Types: Human non-small cell lung cancer H460 cells
Tested Concentrations: 10, 50, and 100 μM
Incubation Duration: 24 hours
Experimental Results: The number of apoptotic cells induced increased in a concentration-dependent manner. At a concentration of 100 μM, the number of apoptotic cell nuclei increased significantly to approximately 17%. At all concentrations, the number of necrotic cells remained at the lowest level.
Western Blot Analysis [2]
Cell Types: Human non-small cell lung cancer H460 cells
Tested Concentrations: 50, 100 μM
Incubation Duration: 48 hours
Experimental Results: Cleavage PARP levels increased by 1.98-fold (50 μM) and 2.33-fold (100 μM), respectively. Cleavage caspase-9 levels increased by 1.52-fold (50 μM) and 1.73-fold (100 μM), respectively. Cleavage caspase-3 levels increased by 4.78-fold (100 μM). Bcl-2 levels decreased to 0.63-fold (100 μM). There was no significant effect on Mcl-1 or Bax levels. The p-FAK/total FAK ratio was reduced to 0.82-fold (50 μM) and 0.59-fold (100 μM). The p-Akt/total Akt ratio was reduced to 0.52-fold (100 μM). The total FAK and total Akt levels remained essentially unchanged.
Cell migration assay [2]
Cell Types: Human non-small cell lung cancer H460 cells
Tested Concentrations: 10, 50 and 100 μM
Incubation Duration: 24 hours; 48 hours
Experimental Results: No significant effect on wound healing at 24 hours. At 48 hours, the wound healing rate decreased to 33.77% (50 μM) and 25.06% (100 μM), respectively, while the wound healing rate of the untreated control group was 38.40%.

References

[1]. Anti-inflammatory effects of Dendrobium nobile derived phenanthrenes in LPS-stimulated murine macrophages. Arch Pharm Res. 2015;38(6):1117-1126.

[2]. Ephemeranthol A Suppresses Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition and FAK-Akt Signaling in Lung Cancer Cells. Anticancer Res. 2020;40(9):4989-4999.

These protocols are for reference only. InvivoChem does not independently validate these methods.
Physicochemical Properties
Molecular Formula
C16H16O4
Molecular Weight
272.30
CAS #
135545-86-7
Appearance
Typically exists as solids at room temperature
SMILES
OC1=CC2=C(C3=C(C(OC)=C(C=C3CC2)OC)O)C=C1
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
Storage

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Shipping Condition
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
Solubility Data
Solubility (In Vitro)
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
Solubility (In Vivo)
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.

Injection Formulations
(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC)
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80: Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution 50 μL Tween 80 850 μL Saline)
*Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO 400 μLPEG300 50 μL Tween 80 450 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO 900 μL Corn oil)
Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).
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Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)]
*Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C,1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin 500 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO 100 μLPEG300 200 μL castor oil 650 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10: 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol 100 μL Cremophor 800 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline
Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH 900 μL Corn oil)
Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH 400 μLPEG300 50 μL Tween 80 450 μL Saline)


Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium)
Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).
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Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400
Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders


Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.

 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)
Preparing Stock Solutions 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 3.6724 mL 18.3621 mL 36.7242 mL
5 mM 0.7345 mL 3.6724 mL 7.3448 mL
10 mM 0.3672 mL 1.8362 mL 3.6724 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.

Calculator

Molarity Calculator allows you to calculate the mass, volume, and/or concentration required for a solution, as detailed below:

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An example of molarity calculation using the molarity calculator is shown below:
What is the mass of compound required to make a 10 mM stock solution in 5 ml of DMSO given that the molecular weight of the compound is 350.26 g/mol?
  • Enter 350.26 in the Molecular Weight (MW) box
  • Enter 10 in the Concentration box and choose the correct unit (mM)
  • Enter 5 in the Volume box and choose the correct unit (mL)
  • Click the “Calculate” button
  • The answer of 17.513 mg appears in the Mass box. In a similar way, you may calculate the volume and concentration.

Dilution Calculator allows you to calculate how to dilute a stock solution of known concentrations. For example, you may Enter C1, C2 & V2 to calculate V1, as detailed below:

What volume of a given 10 mM stock solution is required to make 25 ml of a 25 μM solution?
Using the equation C1V1 = C2V2, where C1=10 mM, C2=25 μM, V2=25 ml and V1 is the unknown:
  • Enter 10 into the Concentration (Start) box and choose the correct unit (mM)
  • Enter 25 into the Concentration (End) box and select the correct unit (mM)
  • Enter 25 into the Volume (End) box and choose the correct unit (mL)
  • Click the “Calculate” button
  • The answer of 62.5 μL (0.1 ml) appears in the Volume (Start) box
g/mol

Molecular Weight Calculator allows you to calculate the molar mass and elemental composition of a compound, as detailed below:

Note: Chemical formula is case sensitive: C12H18N3O4  c12h18n3o4
Instructions to calculate molar mass (molecular weight) of a chemical compound:
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Definitions of molecular mass, molecular weight, molar mass and molar weight:
  • Molecular mass (or molecular weight) is the mass of one molecule of a substance and is expressed in the unified atomic mass units (u). (1 u is equal to 1/12 the mass of one atom of carbon-12)
  • Molar mass (molar weight) is the mass of one mole of a substance and is expressed in g/mol.
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Reconstitution Calculator allows you to calculate the volume of solvent required to reconstitute your vial.

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  • The answer appears in the Volume (to add to vial) box
In vivo Formulation Calculator (Clear solution)
Step 1: Enter information below (Recommended: An additional animal to make allowance for loss during the experiment)
Step 2: Enter in vivo formulation (This is only a calculator, not the exact formulation for a specific product. Please contact us first if there is no in vivo formulation in the solubility section.)
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Calculation results

Working concentration mg/mL;

Method for preparing DMSO stock solution mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.

Method for preparing in vivo formulation:Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O,mix and clarify.

(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
             (2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.

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