| Size | Price | |
|---|---|---|
| 500mg | ||
| 1g | ||
| Other Sizes |
| ln Vitro |
Dinitroamine (2-20 μM; 24 hours) can reduce the viability and proliferation of TM3 and TM4 cells. Treatment with 20 μM dinitramine can reduce the viability of TM3 cells to 78.7% and the viability of TM4 cells to 84.7%, and reduce the proliferation of both cell lines to below 50% [1]. Dinitroamine (10-20 μM; 6 days) can reduce the spheroid density and area of TM3 and TM4 cells in 3D culture systems; 20 μM treatment can reduce the spheroid density of TM3 cells by 22% and the area by 12%, while 10 μM and 20 μM treatments can significantly reduce the spheroid density and area of TM4 cells [1]. Dinitramine (0-20 μM; 24 hours) can induce cell cycle arrest and cell death in TM3 and TM4 cells, inhibit the mRNA expression of cell cycle progression genes *Ccnd1*, *Cdk4* and *Ccne1*, and activate endoplasmic reticulum stress [1]. Dinitramine (0-20 μM) can increase the cytoplasmic and mitochondrial matrix calcium levels in TM3 and TM4 cells; 20 μM treatment can increase the cytoplasmic calcium level of TM3 cells to 230% and the cytoplasmic calcium level of TM4 cells to 300%, while increasing the mitochondrial matrix calcium level of both cell lines to 230% [1]. Dinitramine (5-20 μM; 30 minutes) can activate the MAPK signaling pathway in TM3 and TM4 cells and inhibit the Pi3k/Akt signaling pathway. Treatment with 20 μM dinitramine for 30 minutes upregulated the levels of phosphorylated Erk1/2, P38, and Jnk in both cell lines, while downregulating the levels of phosphorylated Akt and Rps6kb1 [1]. Treatment with dinitramine (20 μM; 24 h) in combination with a calcium regulator restored the proliferative capacity of dinitramine-treated TM4 cells, but not that of TM3 cells [1].
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| ln Vivo |
Dinitramine (1.6–6.4 mg/L; water immersion; 96 hours) can induce concentration-dependent developmental toxicity, cardiotoxicity, vascular damage, inflammation, and apoptosis in zebrafish embryos [2].
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| Cell Assay |
Cell viability assay [1]
Cell Types: Immature mouse testicular interstitial cells (TM3), immature mouse supporting cells (TM4) Tested Concentrations: 0, 2, 5, 10 and 20 μM Incubation Duration: 24 hours Experimental Results: At a concentration of 20 μM, the relative viability of TM3 cells decreased to 78.7%, and the relative viability of TM4 cells decreased to 84.7%. At a concentration of 20 μM, the relative proliferation capacity of TM3 and TM4 cells decreased to below 50% in a concentration-dependent manner. Cell cycle analysis [1] Cell Types: Immature mouse testicular interstitial cells (TM3), immature mouse supporting cells (TM4) Tested Concentrations: 0, 2, 5, 10 and 20 μM Incubation Duration: 24 hours Experimental Results: Compared with the solvent control group, the number of TM3 and TM4 cells in the sub-G1 phase increased by about 2 times. The number of TM4 cells in the G0/G1 phase decreased by about 10%, while the cell cycle distribution of TM3 cells did not change significantly. Real-time quantitative PCR[1] Cell Types: Immature mouse testicular interstitial cells (TM3), immature mouse supporting cells (TM4) Tested Concentrations: 20 μM Incubation Duration: 24 hours Experimental Results: Significantly reduced the expression of cell cycle process-related genes Ccnd1, Cdk4 and Ccne1 in TM3 and TM4 cells.
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| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models:Wild type; fli1:eGFP transgene [2]
Doses: 1.6 mg/L; 3.2 mg/L; 6.4 mg/L Route of Administration: Water immersion; continuous exposure for 96 hours, with culture medium changed every 24 hours Experimental Results: Induced concentration-dependent deformities, including shortened body length, smaller eyeballs, spinal curvature, yolk sac swelling, and pericardial edema; at a concentration of 6.4 mg/L, the degree of pericardial edema increased to more than 300% of the control group. Hatching rate decreased in a dose-dependent manner, approaching 0% at a concentration of 6.4 mg/L. At a concentration of 6.4 mg/L, the heart rate decreased dose-dependently to 80 beats/min (compared to 184 beats/min in the control group); at a concentration of 6.4 mg/L, the atrial long axis diameter increased threefold; at all doses, the expression of cardiac development-related genes (spaw, bmp4, bmp2b, erbb4b, myh6, itga5, lmna, actc1a, actc2) was significantly downregulated. At a concentration of 6.4 mg/L, the area of the tail venous plexus decreased to 80% of that in the control group, and the fluorescence intensity decreased to 75% of that in the control group; abnormal formation of intersegmental vessels, dorsal-longitudinal anastomoses, dorsal aorta, and tail vein was observed; and the expression of angiogenesis-related genes (kdr, vegfd, flt1, vegfaa) was dysregulated. At a concentration of 6.4 mg/L, inflammatory genes (il1b, nos2a, il6, tnfa, cox2a, cox2b) were significantly upregulated, with il1b expression increasing 39-fold compared to the control group. At a concentration of 6.4 mg/L, the relative number of apoptotic cells increased by 4.8-fold (eye), 6.4-fold (brain), and 2.7-fold (tail), respectively. At all doses, pro-apoptotic genes (p53, casp8, casp9, casp3) were upregulated, while the anti-apoptotic gene bcl2 was downregulated. |
| References |
|
| Molecular Formula |
C11H13F3N4O4
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
322.24
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| CAS # |
29091-05-2
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solids at room temperature
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| SMILES |
NC1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C(N(CC)CC)=C(C=C1C(F)(F)F)[N+]([O-])=O
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.1033 mL | 15.5164 mL | 31.0328 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6207 mL | 3.1033 mL | 6.2066 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3103 mL | 1.5516 mL | 3.1033 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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