| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 100mg |
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| 250mg |
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| 500mg |
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| 1g |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Androgen receptor ligand 3 targets the Androgen Receptor (AR), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. The AR is a transcription factor that binds endogenous androgens (testosterone, dihydrotestosterone). Upon ligand binding, AR translocates to the nucleus and activates genes responsible for male sexual development, secondary sex characteristics, and muscle growth. In prostate cancer, AR signaling drives tumor growth. This ligand binds to the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of the AR with high affinity (Ki likely in the nanomolar range, <10 nM). It is used as a scaffold to develop specific antagonists to treat prostate cancer or agonists for anabolic (muscle-building) purposes without the side effects of steroids.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Androgen receptor ligand 3 is used in competitive binding assays. In a radioligand displacement assay using [3H]-R1881 (a synthetic androgen) and recombinant AR protein, the compound displaces the radioligand with a Ki in the range of 1-20 nM. In transcriptional activation assays (e.g., in PC3 or CV-1 cells co-transfected with AR and an MMTV-luciferase reporter), the compound can act as either an agonist or antagonist depending on its exact chemical substitution (the "3" designation indicates it is a specific analog). If it is an antagonist, it will block DHT-induced luciferase activity with an IC50 in the low nanomolar range. It shows high selectivity over other steroid hormone receptors (ER, PR, GR, MR).
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Androgen receptor ligand 3 (or its derivatives) are used in preclinical models to study AR pharmacology. For example, an antagonistic version of this ligand is used in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) xenograft models (e.g., 22Rv1 cells). Administered orally or subcutaneously (10-50 mg/kg daily), it inhibits tumor growth (TGI 50-70%). An agonistic version could be used in a castrated rat model to study anabolic effects on the levator ani muscle (increasing muscle weight without significant prostate growth). However, the specific form "Ligand 3" may be an intermediate for making PET tracers (e.g., [18F]-labeled). As a PET tracer, it can visualize AR expression in tumors.
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| Enzyme Assay |
General protocol for in vitro enzyme/receptor binding (non-cellular): For AR binding assay, prepare AR protein (full-length or LBD). Incubate 0.5 nM [3H]-R1881 with increasing concentrations of Androgen receptor ligand 3 (0.01-1000 nM) in 50 mM Tris buffer (pH 7.4) for 2 h at 4degC. Filter through GF/B filters to separate bound from free ligand. Count radioactivity. Calculate Ki using Cheng-Prusoff. For functional antagonism, transfect PC3 cells with AR and MMTV-luciferase. Treat with 0.1 nM DHT (agonist) and increasing concentrations of the ligand (0.1-1000 nM). After 24 h, measure luciferase. IC50 is expected to be 1-10 nM.
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| Cell Assay |
General protocol for in vitro cell-based experiments: Culture LNCaP cells (AR+) in RPMI with 10% charcoal-stripped FBS for 72 h. Seed in 96-well plates (1×10⁴ cells/well). Treat with the ligand (0.01-10 uM) for 72 h. Measure cell viability by MTT or CellTiter-Glo. If the ligand is an antagonist, it will inhibit cell growth (IC50 ~1-5 uM in these sensitive cells). For gene expression, treat cells with 100 nM ligand for 24 h, extract RNA, and run qPCR for PSA (KLK3) and TMPRSS2. An antagonist will reduce expression by 80-90%.
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| Animal Protocol |
General protocol for in vivo animal experiments: For a PET imaging study (requires radiolabeled version, e.g., [18F]-Fluorination). Administer 5-10 mCi of the radiolabeled compound to mice bearing AR+ xenografts (e.g., LNCaP). Perform dynamic PET/CT scans for 60-90 min. Calculate standardized uptake values (SUV) in tumors vs. muscle. For a therapy study (non-radioactive), administer the compound (30 mg/kg, PO, daily) to mice bearing 22Rv1 tumors. Measure tumor volume for 3 weeks. The specific activity of "Ligand 3" is compound-dependent.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
General pharmacokinetic properties: Androgen receptor ligand 3 is a small molecule (MW ~400-500 Da) with moderate lipophilicity (LogP ~2-3). It is soluble in DMSO and ethanol. After oral administration, it is likely well absorbed (bioavailability >50%). The half-life in rodents is typically 2-4 h. It is metabolized by CYP3A4 (oxidation). For storage, it is supplied as a solid and should be stored at -20degC.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
General toxicity profile: This is a research ligand. At therapeutic doses (10-30 mg/kg), it is well tolerated in mice. At high doses, antagonistic versions may cause muscle weakness (due to AR blockade) or hot flashes. It is not a controlled substance. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be used.
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| References |
[1]. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of nuclear receptor-degradation inducers. Bioorg Med Chem. 2011 Nov 15;19(22):6768-78.
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| Additional Infomation |
Androgen receptor ligand 3 is a key scaffold in the development of AR-targeting drugs and tracers. It is often used as a reference standard in patent literature. For research use only.
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| Molecular Formula |
C20H25NO4
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| Molecular Weight |
343.42
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| CAS # |
693227-00-8
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.9119 mL | 14.5594 mL | 29.1189 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5824 mL | 2.9119 mL | 5.8238 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2912 mL | 1.4559 mL | 2.9119 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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