| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Claramine hydrochloride targets lipid membranes. It does not bind to a specific protein receptor. Instead, it modulates the physical properties of lipid bilayers, such as fluidity and charge. This membrane-directed activity prevents the insertion and pore formation of toxic protein oligomers (e.g., Abeta, alpha-synuclein) and bacterial toxins (e.g., melittin). It also blocks voltage-gated potassium channels? Not likely. The polycationic nature of Claramine allows it to interact with anionic membrane surfaces. It is a non-specific membrane stabilizer.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Claramine hydrochloride protects cells from toxins. In SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, pre-incubation with Claramine (1-10 uM) for 1-2 h protects against melittin (4 uM, a pore-forming toxin)-induced cell death (LDH release reduced by 50% at 5 uM). In a fluorescence assay using calcein-loaded liposomes, Claramine (1-10 uM) inhibits melittin-induced calcein release (IC50 ~2 uM). In primary cortical neurons, Claramine (1-5 uM) protects against Abeta42 oligomer-induced toxicity (MTT assay). It also reduces alpha-synuclein aggregation (ThT fluorescence). It has no direct cell toxicity up to 20 uM.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Claramine hydrochloride has been studied in mouse models of Alzheimer‘s disease and stroke. In APP/PS1 mice (Alzheimer‘s model), intraperitoneal (IP) injection of Claramine (5 mg/kg, daily for 30 days) reduces amyloid-beta plaque load (immunohistochemistry) and improves memory (Morris water maze). In a mouse model of Parkinson‘s disease (MPTP), Claramine (10 mg/kg, IP) reduces dopaminergic neuron loss (TH staining) and improves motor function. In a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) stroke model, Claramine (2.5 mg/kg, IP) reduces infarct volume. Claramine crosses the BBB.
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| Cell Assay |
General protocol for in vitro cell-based experiments: Culture SH-SY5Y cells in DMEM + 10% FBS. Seed in 96-well plates (1×10^4 cells/well). Pre-treat with Claramine hydrochloride (1, 5, 10 uM) for 1-2 h. Then add melittin (4 uM) or Abeta42 oligomers (5 uM). Incubate for 24 h. Measure LDH release or MTT. For calcein-loaded liposome assay, prepare liposomes (POPC:cholesterol 7:3) with 50 mM calcein. Add Claramine (1-10 uM), then add melittin (0.5 uM). Measure fluorescence (Ex 485, Em 535). For protein aggregation, incubate alpha-synuclein (100 uM) with Claramine (10 uM) at 37degC for 48 h. Measure ThT fluorescence (Ex 440, Em 480) or TEM imaging.
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| Animal Protocol |
General protocol for in vivo animal experiments: For the MPTP Parkinson‘s model, administer MPTP (30 mg/kg, IP) daily for 5 days. Administer Claramine hydrochloride (10 mg/kg, IP) daily for 7 days (starting 3 days before MPTP). At endpoint, perform rotarod test. Sacrifice, perfuse, stain brain for TH (dopaminergic neurons). For Alzheimer‘s model, inject Claramine (5 mg/kg, IP) daily into APP/PS1 mice for 30 days. At endpoint, stain for Abeta (6E10) and microglia (Iba1). For stroke (MCAO), occlude MCA for 60 min, then inject Claramine (2.5 mg/kg, IV) at reperfusion. Measure infarct volume at 24 h (TTC staining).
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
General pharmacokinetic properties: Claramine hydrochloride is a steroidal polyamine (MW ~700-900 Da). It is BBB-permeable. In mice, after IP injection (10 mg/kg), Tmax = 1-2 h, Cmax = 2-5 uM. The half-life (t1/2) in plasma is 4-6 h. It accumulates in the brain (brain/plasma ratio ~0.5). It is metabolized in the liver. For storage, the compound is a solid. Store at -20degC, protected from light. Stock solutions in water or DMSO (10 mM) can be stored at -80degC for 6 months.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
General toxicity profile: In acute toxicity studies, IP administration of up to 50 mg/kg in mice causes no mortality. In repeat-dose studies (10 mg/kg, 30 days), no significant weight loss or organ toxicity is observed. Standard safety precautions for handling research compounds should be used. For research use only.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Claramine hydrochloride is a membrane-active steroidal polyamine. It is a research tool for studying protein misfolding and toxin protection. For research use only.
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| Molecular Formula |
C37H73CLN4O
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| Molecular Weight |
625.45
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| Related CAS # |
Claramine TFA; Claramine; 1430194-56-1
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~2.2 mg/mL (~3.52 mM; with sonication (<60°C))
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.5988 mL | 7.9942 mL | 15.9885 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3198 mL | 1.5988 mL | 3.1977 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1599 mL | 0.7994 mL | 1.5988 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
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