| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1mg |
|
||
| 5mg |
|
||
| 10mg |
|
||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
DL-Epinephrine-d6 does not have a distinct pharmacological target as a labeled compound; its utility is as an analytical internal standard. The unlabeled parent compound, L-epinephrine, targets alpha-adrenergic receptors (alpha1A, alpha1B, alpha1D) and beta-adrenergic receptors (beta1, beta2, beta3) as a non-selective agonist. Upon binding, epinephrine activates G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling cascades: Gs-mediated increases in cAMP (beta-receptors) and Gq-mediated increases in intracellular calcium (alpha-receptors). This leads to vasoconstriction (alpha1), vasodilation in certain vascular beds (beta2), increased heart rate and contractility (beta1), bronchodilation (beta2), and glycogenolysis. The deuterated form is chemically identical in receptor binding but is used as a tracer, not for pharmacological studies. [15L8-L9]
|
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
Stable heavy isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, and other elements have been incorporated into drug molecules, largely as tracers for quantitation during the drug development process. Studies involving the human use of drugs labeled with deuterium suggest that these compounds may offer some advantages when compared with their nondeuterated counterparts. Deuteration has gained attention because of its potential to affect the pharmacokinetic and metabolic profiles of drugs. Deutetrabenazine is the first deuterated drug to receive Food and Drug Administration approval. This deuterated form of the drug tetrabenazine is indicated for the treatment of chorea associated with Huntington's disease as well as tardive dyskinesia. Ongoing clinical trials suggest that a number of other deuterated compounds are being evaluated for the treatment of human diseases and not merely as research tools.
DL-Epinephrine-d6 itself does not have in vitro biological activity as it is used as an analytical standard. The unlabeled L-epinephrine is the active hormone. In cell-based assays, L-epinephrine (0.1 nM to 10 microM) induces cAMP accumulation in cells expressing beta2-adrenergic receptors (HEK293-beta2AR) with an EC50 of 1-10 nM, and intracellular calcium increase in cells expressing alpha1-adrenergic receptors. It also induces vasoconstriction in isolated arterial rings (EC50 ~1-100 nM) and relaxation in pre-constricted bronchial rings. However, the deuterated version is not intended for such assays. For LC-MS/MS quality control, the compound is spiked into biological samples as an internal standard for accurate quantification of endogenous epinephrine levels. [15L10-L12] |
| ln Vivo |
Deuterated compounds may, in some cases, offer advantages over nondeuterated forms, often through alterations in clearance. Deuteration may also redirect metabolic pathways in directions that reduce toxicities. The approval of additional deuterated compounds may soon follow. Clinicians will need to be familiar with the dosing, efficacy, potential side effects, and unique metabolic profiles of these new entities.
No in vivo activity data are available for DL-Epinephrine-d6 as a deuterated tracer. The unlabeled L-epinephrine is a critical hormone with potent in vivo effects: intravenous administration (0.05-5 microg/kg) increases heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and cardiac output while decreasing diastolic blood pressure via beta2-mediated vasodilation. It is used clinically for anaphylaxis (0.3-0.5 mg intramuscular), cardiac arrest (1 mg IV), and severe asthma. The deuterated form, when used as a tracer, would be expected to have identical pharmacodynamics but is not administered as a therapeutic. For research use only. [15L8-L9] |
| Enzyme Assay |
Not applicable. DL-Epinephrine-d6 is a stable isotope-labeled analytical standard, not a drug candidate. Its use is in LC-MS/MS quantification, not in non-cellular binding assays. For analytical quality control: prepare a 1 mg/mL stock solution in methanol or water. Prepare calibration standards by spiking known amounts of unlabeled epinephrine (e.g., 0.1-100 ng/mL) with a fixed concentration of DL-Epinephrine-d6 (e.g., 10 ng/mL) as internal standard. Process standards through protein precipitation (e.g., acetonitrile), centrifuge, and inject supernatant onto C18 HPLC column. Monitor transitions: unlabeled epinephrine m/z 184→166, deuterated internal standard m/z 190→172 (mass shift of +6 Da). Quantify by peak area ratio. No enzyme/receptor binding assays are relevant. [15L10-L12]
|
| Cell Assay |
Not applicable. DL-Epinephrine-d6 is used as an analytical internal standard in LC-MS/MS quantification of epinephrine in biological matrices such as plasma, urine, or tissue homogenates. It is not used for cell culture treatment. For sample preparation: add a fixed amount (e.g., 5-50 ng) of DL-Epinephrine-d6 to 100-200 microL of plasma or other biological sample. Add 400 microL of ice-cold acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid to precipitate proteins. Vortex, centrifuge at 14,000 rpm for 10 min at 4degC. Transfer supernatant to clean tube, evaporate to dryness under nitrogen, reconstitute in 100 microL mobile phase (e.g., 0.1% formic acid in water:acetonitrile, 90:10). Inject 5-10 microL onto LC-MS/MS system with C18 column (50×2.1 mm, 1.7 microm). Run gradient: mobile phase A (0.1% formic acid in water), B (0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile); 0-2 min: 5% B, 2-4 min: 5-95% B, 4-5 min: 95% B, flow rate 0.3 mL/min. Quantitate epinephrine concentration using internal standard calibration curve. [15L10-L12]
|
| Animal Protocol |
Not applicable. DL-Epinephrine-d6 is an analytical internal standard and is not intended for in vivo administration. For research use only. [15L8-L9]
|
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Not applicable. DL-Epinephrine-d6 is an analytical internal standard; its own pharmacokinetic properties are not characterized. The unlabeled L-epinephrine has a very short plasma half-life (t½ ≈ 2-3 minutes) due to rapid metabolism by catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and monoamine oxidase (MAO). Volume of distribution (Vd) ≈ 0.5-1 L/kg. Clearance (CL) is high (≈ 80-100 mL/min/kg). Oral bioavailability is negligible (≈ 0-5%) due to extensive first-pass metabolism; clinical administration is via IV, IM, SC, or inhalation. For storage, DL-Epinephrine-d6 powder should be kept at -20degC for up to 3 years, protected from light and moisture. Solutions in DMSO or methanol should be stored at -80degC for up to 6 months. [15L16-L17]
|
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
DL-Epinephrine-d6 is a stable isotope-labeled compound and not a therapeutic drug; no toxicity data are available for this specific labeled form. The unlabeled L-epinephrine is a potent catecholamine with significant side effects at high doses, including hypertension (systolic BP >200 mmHg), tachycardia (>150 bpm), cardiac arrhythmias, myocardial ischemia, anxiety, tremor, and metabolic effects (hyperglycemia, lactic acidosis). Overdose can cause cerebral hemorrhage, pulmonary edema, and death. However, the deuterated form is used only in trace amounts (ng to microg range) as an analytical internal standard, with no risk of pharmacological toxicity. Standard laboratory safety precautions: avoid inhalation, ingestion, skin/eye contact; use PPE (gloves, lab coat); work in a fume hood. For research use only-not for human use. [15L16-L17]
|
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
CAS: 1219803-77-6. Molecular formula: C9H7D6NO3, molecular weight: 189.24. Synonyms: (+/-)-Epinephrine-2,5,6,Alpha,Beta,Beta-d6; DL-Adrenaline-d6; (+/-)-Adrenaline-d6. Appearance: light brown to brown solid powder. Purity: >95% (HPLC). Storage: powder at -20degC for 3 years; in solvent at -80degC for 6 months. Solubility: DMSO, water, ethanol. Shipping: ambient temperature. Hazard class: Toxic if swallowed (UN2811, Packing Group II). Use: stable isotope-labeled internal standard for LC-MS/MS quantification of epinephrine. For research use only-not for human diagnostic or therapeutic use. Not FDA-approved. [15L16-L18][33L3-L9]
|
| Molecular Formula |
C9H7D6NO3
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
189.24
|
| Exact Mass |
189.127
|
| CAS # |
1219803-77-6
|
| Related CAS # |
DL-Epinephrine; D-Epinephrine
|
| PubChem CID |
49849558
|
| Appearance |
Light brown to brown solid powder
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
4
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
13
|
| Complexity |
154
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| SMILES |
[2H]C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1C([2H])(C([2H])([2H])NC)O)[2H])O)O)[2H]
|
| InChi Key |
UCTWMZQNUQWSLP-JQAOAMCHSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C9H13NO3/c1-10-5-9(13)6-2-3-7(11)8(12)4-6/h2-4,9-13H,5H2,1H3/i2D,3D,4D,5D2,9D
|
| Chemical Name |
3,4,6-trideuterio-5-[1,2,2-trideuterio-1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol
|
| Synonyms |
DL-Adrenaline-d6; (±)-Epinephrine-d6; DL-Adrenaline-d6; (±)-Adrenaline-d6
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.2843 mL | 26.4215 mL | 52.8430 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.0569 mL | 5.2843 mL | 10.5686 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5284 mL | 2.6421 mL | 5.2843 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
Copyright 2020 InvivoChem LLC | All Rights Reserved
