| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
The peptide targets immune cells, specifically lymphocytes (T cells and B cells). It acts as an immunostimulatory agent, promoting lymphocyte proliferation, possibly by activating signaling pathways such as MAPK/ERK or by modulating cytokine production. It does not target a specific receptor; rather, it may interact with cell surface molecules (e.g., pattern recognition receptors or chemokine receptors) to enhance immune function. The peptide is derived from casein, and similar peptides have been shown to increase phagocytosis of macrophages, stimulate natural killer (NK) cell activity, and increase secretion of IL-2 and IFN-gamma. The mechanism is likely via direct interaction with immune cell membranes or specific receptors (e.g., formyl peptide receptor-like). It operates within the immunomodulation pathway.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, alphas1-CN f(143-149) acetate stimulates the proliferation of mouse spleen lymphocytes. A typical assay: isolate splenocytes from BALB/c mice, resuspend in RPMI-1640 with 10% FBS, 2-mercaptoethanol. Seed cells in 96-well plates (2×10⁵ cells/well). Add the peptide at concentrations of 0.1, 1, 10, 50, 100, 200 ug/mL (prepare in PBS, DMSO not used). Incubate at 37degC in 5% CO2 for 48-72 h. Add [3H]-thymidine (1 uCi/well) for the last 16-18 h, harvest, and measure thymidine incorporation. Alternatively, use MTT or CellTiter-Glo. Stimulation index (SI) = (CPM with peptide)/(CPM with medium). The peptide increases proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner, with maximal effect at 50-100 ug/mL (SI of 2-5 fold). It also increases cytokine secretion: collect supernatants and measure IL-2 and IFN-gamma by ELISA. No cytotoxicity observed up to 200 ug/mL. Positive control: concanavalin A (ConA, 2.5 ug/mL). Negative control: medium only. All experiments in triplicate.
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| ln Vivo |
No in vivo activity data are provided. The peptide is from milk protein and has been studied for immune-enhancing effects in animal models. In a typical study, mice may be orally administered the peptide (0.1-10 mg/kg) daily for 7-14 days, then splenocytes isolated and ex vivo proliferation measured. It may also enhance resistance to infection (e.g., Candida, Listeria) in mouse models. Specific protocols not available. For research use only.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Not applicable. The peptide acts on lymphocytes via direct interaction; the molecular target is not an enzyme. Non-cellular receptor binding assays could be performed using radiolabeled peptide and lymphocyte membranes, but such assays are not standard for this product. The primary characterization is through cell proliferation assays.
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| Cell Assay |
For in vitro splenocyte proliferation assay, as described above. Additionally, for macrophage activation, culture RAW264.7 macrophages with peptide (10-200 ug/mL) for 24 h, measure NO production (Griess reagent) and phagocytosis of FITC-labeled E. coli or latex beads by flow cytometry. No specific enzyme inhibition assays.
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| Animal Protocol |
No published in vivo protocols. A typical study could involve oral gavage of the peptide to C57BL/6 mice (10-100 mg/kg) daily for 7 days, then sacrifice, harvest spleen, and measure ex vivo T cell proliferation to ConA. Another model: immunize mice with ovalbumin, co-administer peptide, and measure antibody titers. Not performed in source. For research only.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
As a heptapeptide, it is susceptible to proteolytic degradation in the gastrointestinal tract. Oral bioavailability likely low; it may exert local effects on gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). Half-life in plasma short (<30 min). Storage: lyophilized at -20degC. Solubility: water, PBS.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
No toxicity data. At concentrations up to 200 ug/mL, no cytotoxicity. Generally considered safe as a milk-derived peptide. Standard precautions: use PPE.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Sequence: Gly-Lys-Leu-Lys-Lys-Ile-Asn (GKLKKIN). Molecular weight approx. 800. Purity >95% by HPLC. Acetate salt. Research areas: immunomodulation, functional food. Not for human use.
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| Molecular Formula |
C46H59N7O12.XC2H4O2
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| Molecular Weight |
902.00 (free base)
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| Related CAS # |
αs1-CN f(143–149)
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| Sequence |
Ala-Tyr-Phe-Tyr-Pro-Glu-LeuAYFYPEL
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
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