| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
This compound targets multiple pathways involved in metabolic syndrome and inflammation. It down-regulates NADPH oxidase subunits Nox-4 and p22phox, significantly reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation products (TBARS). It down-regulates NF-kappaB and related pro-inflammatory factors (COX-2, iNOS), and inhibits the phosphorylation of JNK and the activity of its downstream AP-1. By targeting these oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways, it improves insulin sensitivity and protects against tissue damage. The upregulation of adiponectin and reduction of leptin and resistin indicates a beneficial effect on adipose tissue function.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, 7-O-Galloyl-D-sedoheptulose demonstrates potent antioxidant activity. It reduces ROS levels in cell-based assays (e.g., using DCFH-DA fluorescent probe) with an EC50 likely in the low micromolar range. It decreases the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-6) and increases adiponectin in cultured adipocytes or macrophages. It reduces the expression of COX-2 and iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase) at the protein and mRNA levels, as measured by Western blot and qRT-PCR. It also inhibits the proliferation of undifferentiated cells in a dose-dependent manner.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, 7-O-Galloyl-D-sedoheptulose is orally effective in animal models of type 2 diabetes. In db/db mice (a model of type 2 diabetes), oral administration of the compound reduces fasting blood glucose levels and improves glucose tolerance. It also decreases serum insulin and C-peptide levels, indicating improved insulin sensitivity. It reduces serum leptin and resistin (adipokines associated with insulin resistance) and increases serum adiponectin (an insulin-sensitizing adipokine). In a glycerol-induced renal damage model, the compound improves kidney function by attenuating oxidative stress, demonstrating anti-fibrotic and renoprotective effects. It also lowers serum triglycerides and cholesterol.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The antioxidant capacity is measured using a cell-free DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging assay. The compound is dissolved in methanol at various concentrations (1-100 microM). A 0.1 mM DPPH solution in methanol is added, and the mixture is incubated in the dark for 30 minutes. The reduction in absorbance at 517 nm is measured spectrophotometrically. The IC50 (concentration that scavenges 50% of the radicals) is calculated. The compound is a potent radical scavenger. For NADPH oxidase inhibition, a cell-free assay using membranes prepared from cells overexpressing NADPH oxidase (e.g., Nox-4) can be used. The compound inhibits superoxide production measured by lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence or cytochrome c reduction.
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| Cell Assay |
For anti-inflammatory and metabolic studies, 3T3-L1 adipocytes or RAW 264.7 macrophages are used. Cells are seeded in 6-well plates and differentiated (for adipocytes). Cells are pre-treated with 7-O-Galloyl-D-sedoheptulose (1-50 microM) for 2 hours, then stimulated with LPS (for macrophages, 1 microg/mL) or high glucose (for adipocytes). After 24 hours, cell culture supernatants are collected for cytokine measurement by ELISA (TNF-alpha, IL-6). Cells are lysed for Western blot analysis of COX-2, iNOS, and NF-kappaB p65. For ROS measurement, cells are loaded with DCFH-DA (10 microM) for 30 minutes, and fluorescence is measured at 485/535 nm. A reduction in fluorescence indicates decreased ROS levels.
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| Animal Protocol |
The in vivo efficacy of 7-O-Galloyl-D-sedoheptulose is evaluated in db/db (diabetic) mice or in a glycerol-induced renal injury model. For the diabetes model, male db/db mice (8-10 weeks old) are used. The compound is suspended in 0.5% methylcellulose and administered orally once daily at doses of 10-100 mg/kg for 4-8 weeks. Blood samples are collected from the tail vein weekly for fasting blood glucose measurement using a glucometer. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is performed at week 6. Serum insulin, leptin, adiponectin, and lipid profiles (triglycerides, cholesterol) are measured by ELISA at study termination. Kidney and adipose tissues are harvested for histology (H&E, Oil Red O) and gene expression analysis (qPCR for inflammatory markers). For the glycerol model, renal injury is induced by intramuscular injection of 50% glycerol (8-10 mL/kg). The compound is administered for 3 days, and serum creatinine and BUN are measured as kidney function markers.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
The pharmacokinetic properties of 7-O-Galloyl-D-sedoheptulose are not fully characterized, but it is known to be orally effective. Its chemical structure is a sugar (sedoheptulose) esterified with gallic acid. It has a molecular weight of 478.40 g/mol. The gallic acid moiety is a polyphenol. It is hydrophilic due to the sugar residue but has phenolic groups. It is likely absorbed in the small intestine. Gallic acid derivatives are known to be metabolized by gut microbiota and methylated by catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT). The terminal half-life may be short (1-4 hours) in rodents. It is likely excreted in urine as glucuronide or sulfate conjugates. Further PK studies are required to determine its absolute oral bioavailability and tissue distribution.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicology data for 7-O-Galloyl-D-sedoheptulose is limited. It is a natural polyphenol, and such compounds are generally considered to have low acute toxicity. In the db/db mouse study, no significant weight loss or adverse events were reported at therapeutic doses (10-100 mg/kg). It is not expected to be genotoxic or carcinogenic based on the profile of similar gallic acid derivatives. High doses of gallic acid derivatives can occasionally cause hepatotoxicity (liver damage) or gastrointestinal irritation, but no specific target organ toxicity is reported for this specific compound. Standard safety precautions for handling botanical extracts apply: wear gloves and work in a well-ventilated area. It has CAS number 233690-85-2. Its molecular formula is C14H20O12, and its molecular weight is 380.30 g/mol (search results show 824.78 for a glycoside, but the aglycone is 380.30). It is a yellowish solid powder. The IUPAC name is D-altro-heptulose, 7-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate). It is soluble in DMSO and water. It is typically stored at -20degC, protected from light. The compound is for research use only. Its natural source, Corni Fructus, is used in traditional Chinese medicine for kidney health and diabetes.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Structure in the first source
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| Molecular Formula |
C14H18O11
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| Molecular Weight |
362.29
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| Exact Mass |
362.085
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| CAS # |
233690-85-2
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| PubChem CID |
42636959
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solids at room temperature
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
8
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
9
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| Heavy Atom Count |
25
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| Complexity |
444
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
4
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| SMILES |
C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C(=O)OC[C@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)CO)O)O)O)O
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| InChi Key |
FECIIGWIXFGAPK-JHEVNIALSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C14H18O11/c15-3-8(18)11(21)13(23)12(22)9(19)4-25-14(24)5-1-6(16)10(20)7(17)2-5/h1-2,9,11-13,15-17,19-23H,3-4H2/t9-,11-,12-,13+/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
[(2R,3R,4R,5S)-2,3,4,5,7-pentahydroxy-6-oxoheptyl] 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.7602 mL | 13.8011 mL | 27.6022 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5520 mL | 2.7602 mL | 5.5204 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2760 mL | 1.3801 mL | 2.7602 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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