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3-Methylbenzofuran

3-Methylbenzofuran is a cytochrome P450 CYP2A6 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 7.35 μM.
3-Methylbenzofuran
3-Methylbenzofuran Chemical Structure CAS No.: 21535-97-7
Product category: Cytochrome P450
This product is for research use only, not for human use. We do not sell to patients.
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Product Description
3-Methylbenzofuran is a cytochrome P450 CYP2A6 inhibitor. Its IC50 value is 7.35 μM. 3-Methylbenzofuran may be used in research on tobacco-related cancers.
3-Methylbenzofuran (CAS# 21535-97-7) is a condensed heterocyclic compound with molecular formula C9H8O and molecular weight 132.16 g/mol. It belongs to the benzofuran family, characterized by a fused benzene and furan ring system. This compound is widely used in biochemical experiments and drug synthesis research, serving as a building block for the synthesis of various heterocyclic compounds and pharmaceuticals. It is also a potent elicitor for the production of abscisic acid in plant biology. 3-Methylbenzofuran is of interest in pharmaceutical development for compounds targeting neurological disorders.
Biological Activity I Assay Protocols (From Reference)
Targets
3-Methylbenzofuran exhibits antimicrobial activity with primary targets being bacterial cells, particularly strains of E. coli, S. aureus, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), B. subtilis, and P. aeruginosa. The compound also inhibits the activity of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2), which plays a crucial role in angiogenesis. Additionally, it interacts with cytochrome P450 enzymes, which are involved in xenobiotic metabolism, leading to oxidation and formation of epoxides that can react with biomolecules.
ln Vitro
In vitro, 3-Methylbenzofuran derivatives have demonstrated significant anticancer activity in non-small cell lung cancer cells by inhibiting cell growth and inducing apoptosis. The compound affects the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway, which is crucial for cell proliferation and survival. It has also been shown to exhibit antimicrobial activity against multiple bacterial strains including E. coli, S. aureus, MRSA, B. subtilis, and P. aeruginosa. The compound inhibits VEGFR-2, leading to reduced cell proliferation and increased apoptosis in certain cancer cell lines.
ln Vivo
In plant systems, 3-Methylbenzofuran has been shown to be a potent elicitor for the production of abscisic acid, a plant hormone involved in stomatal closure, when applied in culture. No direct in vivo activity studies in animal models have been reported for 3-Methylbenzofuran itself. The compound is primarily used as a synthetic building block and research chemical rather than a therapeutic agent. Its derivatives may have potential for further pharmacological evaluation.
Enzyme Assay
No specific enzyme/receptor binding protocols have been established for 3-Methylbenzofuran as a direct ligand. For antimicrobial testing, standard protocols involve broth microdilution assays where bacterial cultures (E. coli, S. aureus, MRSA, B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa) are incubated with serial dilutions of 3-methylbenzofuran, and MIC values are determined after 24 hours. For VEGFR-2 inhibition studies, standard kinase activity assays using recombinant VEGFR-2 enzyme and ATP with a peptide substrate, measuring phosphorylation via luminescence or ELISA, can be used. Cytochrome P450 interaction can be assessed using microsomal oxidation assays with NADPH.
Cell Assay
For cellular evaluation of 3-methylbenzofuran derivatives, standard protocols involve culturing cancer cell lines (e.g., non-small cell lung cancer cells A549, NCI-H460) in DMEM or RPMI-1640 with 10% FBS at 37degC in 5% CO2. Cells are seeded in 96-well plates (5,000 cells/well) and treated with varying concentrations of test compounds (0.1-100 microM) for 48-72 hours. Cell viability is assessed by MTT or CCK-8 assays. Apoptosis is evaluated by flow cytometry using Annexin V-FITC/PI staining. VEGFR-2 phosphorylation and signaling pathway components are analyzed by western blotting of cell lysates. All experiments are performed in triplicate.
Animal Protocol
No specific in vivo animal protocols have been established for 3-Methylbenzofuran as it is primarily a chemical building block rather than a therapeutic agent. Standard toxicity testing in rodents using oral administration (100-1000 mg/kg) with observation of clinical signs, body weight, hematology, and serum biochemistry over 13 weeks could be performed, but such protocols are not reported in the literature for this compound. For its derivatives, standard xenograft models in nude mice with subcutaneous cancer cell injection could be used for efficacy evaluation.
ADME/Pharmacokinetics
No pharmacokinetic studies have been published for 3-Methylbenzofuran. Computed properties include molecular formula C9H8O, molecular weight 132.16 g/mol, predicted logP of approximately 2.5-3.0, suggesting moderate lipophilicity. The compound has a boiling point of approximately 70-72degC at reduced pressure. As a small lipophilic heterocycle, it is expected to be readily absorbed if administered orally, but no PK parameters have been reported. It is primarily used as a synthetic intermediate rather than a drug candidate.
Toxicity/Toxicokinetics
Safety data for 3-Methylbenzofuran indicates it should be handled with standard laboratory precautions. Administration of the related compound 2,3-dimethylbenzofuran for 13 weeks showed no effect on hematology tests, but serum biochemistry revealed a slight increase in ALP activity in males and a slight increase in bilirubin levels in males and females. 3-Methylbenzofuran may be metabolized by cytochrome P450 to reactive epoxides, which could cause toxicity. Wear protective gloves, safety goggles, and a lab coat. Work in a well-ventilated fume hood. Avoid inhalation, ingestion, and contact with skin and eyes. For research use only.
References

[1]. Synthetic models related to methoxalen and menthofuran-cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2A6 interactions. benzofuran and coumarin derivatives as potent and selective inhibitors of CYP2A6. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 2013;61(10):997-1001.

Additional Infomation
3-Methylbenzofuran is a condensed heterocyclic compound widely used in biochemical experiments and drug synthesis research. It serves as a building block in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals targeting neurological disorders due to its ability to interact with specific receptors in the brain. The compound is also used in enantioselective preparation of benzoheterocycles via iridium-catalyzed hydrogenation of indole and benzofuran derivatives. In plant biology, it acts as an elicitor for abscisic acid production. No clinical trial data is available, and the compound is not approved for human therapy.
These protocols are for reference only. InvivoChem does not independently validate these methods.
Physicochemical Properties
Molecular Formula
C9H8O
Molecular Weight
132.16
Exact Mass
132.058
CAS #
21535-97-7
PubChem CID
88939
Appearance
Colorless to light yellow liquid
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
0
Rotatable Bond Count
0
Heavy Atom Count
10
Complexity
122
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
SMILES
CC1=COC2=CC=CC=C12
InChi Key
ZRXHLJNBNWVNIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C9H8O/c1-7-6-10-9-5-3-2-4-8(7)9/h2-6H,1H3
Chemical Name
3-methyl-1-benzofuran
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
Storage

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Shipping Condition
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
Solubility Data
Solubility (In Vitro)
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
Solubility (In Vivo)
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.

Injection Formulations
(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC)
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80: Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution 50 μL Tween 80 850 μL Saline)
*Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO 400 μLPEG300 50 μL Tween 80 450 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO 900 μL Corn oil)
Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).
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Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)]
*Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C,1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin 500 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO 100 μLPEG300 200 μL castor oil 650 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10: 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol 100 μL Cremophor 800 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline
Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH 900 μL Corn oil)
Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH 400 μLPEG300 50 μL Tween 80 450 μL Saline)


Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium)
Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).
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Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400
Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders


Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.

 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)
Preparing Stock Solutions 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 7.5666 mL 37.8329 mL 75.6659 mL
5 mM 1.5133 mL 7.5666 mL 15.1332 mL
10 mM 0.7567 mL 3.7833 mL 7.5666 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.

Calculator

Molarity Calculator allows you to calculate the mass, volume, and/or concentration required for a solution, as detailed below:

  • Calculate the Mass of a compound required to prepare a solution of known volume and concentration
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An example of molarity calculation using the molarity calculator is shown below:
What is the mass of compound required to make a 10 mM stock solution in 5 ml of DMSO given that the molecular weight of the compound is 350.26 g/mol?
  • Enter 350.26 in the Molecular Weight (MW) box
  • Enter 10 in the Concentration box and choose the correct unit (mM)
  • Enter 5 in the Volume box and choose the correct unit (mL)
  • Click the “Calculate” button
  • The answer of 17.513 mg appears in the Mass box. In a similar way, you may calculate the volume and concentration.

Dilution Calculator allows you to calculate how to dilute a stock solution of known concentrations. For example, you may Enter C1, C2 & V2 to calculate V1, as detailed below:

What volume of a given 10 mM stock solution is required to make 25 ml of a 25 μM solution?
Using the equation C1V1 = C2V2, where C1=10 mM, C2=25 μM, V2=25 ml and V1 is the unknown:
  • Enter 10 into the Concentration (Start) box and choose the correct unit (mM)
  • Enter 25 into the Concentration (End) box and select the correct unit (mM)
  • Enter 25 into the Volume (End) box and choose the correct unit (mL)
  • Click the “Calculate” button
  • The answer of 62.5 μL (0.1 ml) appears in the Volume (Start) box
g/mol

Molecular Weight Calculator allows you to calculate the molar mass and elemental composition of a compound, as detailed below:

Note: Chemical formula is case sensitive: C12H18N3O4  c12h18n3o4
Instructions to calculate molar mass (molecular weight) of a chemical compound:
  • To calculate molar mass of a chemical compound, please enter the chemical/molecular formula and click the “Calculate’ button.
Definitions of molecular mass, molecular weight, molar mass and molar weight:
  • Molecular mass (or molecular weight) is the mass of one molecule of a substance and is expressed in the unified atomic mass units (u). (1 u is equal to 1/12 the mass of one atom of carbon-12)
  • Molar mass (molar weight) is the mass of one mole of a substance and is expressed in g/mol.
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Reconstitution Calculator allows you to calculate the volume of solvent required to reconstitute your vial.

  • Enter the mass of the reagent and the desired reconstitution concentration as well as the correct units
  • Click the “Calculate” button
  • The answer appears in the Volume (to add to vial) box
In vivo Formulation Calculator (Clear solution)
Step 1: Enter information below (Recommended: An additional animal to make allowance for loss during the experiment)
Step 2: Enter in vivo formulation (This is only a calculator, not the exact formulation for a specific product. Please contact us first if there is no in vivo formulation in the solubility section.)
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Calculation results

Working concentration mg/mL;

Method for preparing DMSO stock solution mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.

Method for preparing in vivo formulation:Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O,mix and clarify.

(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
             (2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.

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