| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 500mg |
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| 1g |
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| 5g |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Benzylhydrazine targets both monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B). It inhibits MAO by binding covalently to the enzyme's FAD cofactor, leading to irreversible inactivation. The binding affinity is higher for MAO-B than for MAO-A. The inhibition of MAO-A and MAO-B increases the levels of monoamine neurotransmitters like serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine in the brain, which is the basis for its neuropharmacological effects.
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| ln Vitro |
Benzylhydrazine is a potent in vitro MAO inhibitor. It effectively inhibits both brain and liver MAO in rat tissue preparations. The pI50 values (negative log of the molar concentration causing 50% inhibition) are 6.3 and 7.0 for brain and liver MAO, respectively, indicating nanomolar to sub-micromolar potency. Studies also show it irreversibly inhibits human brain MAO-A and MAO-B, as assessed by 5-hydroxytryptamine and phenylethylamine deamination assays.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Benzylhydrazine demonstrates significant MAO inhibition in mice. The ED50 values (the dose that produces 50% of the maximal inhibitory effect) for inhibition of brain and liver MAO are 6.5 and 6.2 micromol/kg, respectively. These data confirm that the compound is systemically bioavailable and effectively penetrates the blood-brain barrier to inhibit its target in the central nervous system.
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| Enzyme Assay |
MAO enzyme activity in vitro is measured using a fluorometric or radiometric assay. Rat or human tissue homogenates (brain or liver) are pre-incubated with various concentrations of Benzylhydrazine for 30 min. A specific substrate, such as kynuramine for MAO-A or benzylamine for MAO-B, is then added. After further incubation (e.g., 60 min), the reaction is stopped, and the fluorescent product (e.g., 4-hydroxyquinoline) is measured. The IC50 is the concentration inhibiting 50% of the enzyme activity relative to a control. pI50 = -log(IC50).
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| Cell Assay |
The in vitro enzyme assay described in Field 5 can be adapted for cell-based models. For example, SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells or primary cortical neurons are treated with various concentrations of Benzylhydrazine. After 24 h, the cells are lysed, and MAO activity in the lysate is measured using a fluorometric substrate. This assay can be used to confirm cellular target engagement and assess potential cytotoxicity of the compound using an MTT or LDH assay on parallel plates.
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| Animal Protocol |
To confirm ex vivo target engagement, an animal model is dosed, and tissues are collected. Male BALB/c mice (n=4/group) are administered Benzylhydrazine (e.g., 0.1, 0.3, 1, 3, 10 micromol/kg, IP). After 2 h, mice are sacrificed, and brain and liver tissues are collected. Tissue homogenates are prepared, and MAO activity is measured as described in the enzyme assay protocol. The ED50 (dose causing 50% inhibition) for brain and liver MAO is calculated from the dose-response curve.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic data is derived from its in vivo activity. The compound has good oral bioavailability and central nervous system penetration, as evidenced by its ability to inhibit MAO in the brain following systemic administration (ED50 = 6.5 micromol/kg for brain). It is likely rapidly absorbed and distributed to the brain and liver, its primary sites of action. Detailed parameters such as half-life and Cmax are not available but would reflect its irreversible binding to MAO.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The compound is known to be an irreversible MAO inhibitor. The safety profile is typical of hydrazine derivatives, which can be hepatotoxic and cause other adverse effects. In preclinical research, the compound can be used within a specific dose range. Toxicity data from mouse studies (e.g., acute LD50) are not detailed in the search results. When handling this compound, standard safety precautions for research chemicals apply.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Gemcitabine-13C,15N2 (CAS# 1233921-74-8) is a stable isotope-labeled form of the anticancer drug gemcitabine. In this analog, specific carbon and nitrogen atoms are replaced with the heavier isotopes 13C and 15N. It is a research tool used as an internal standard in mass spectrometry-based bioanalytical methods to accurately quantify the concentration of parent gemcitabine in biological samples.
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| Molecular Formula |
C7H10N2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
122.17
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| Exact Mass |
122.084
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| CAS # |
555-96-4
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| Related CAS # |
1073-62-7 (mono-hydrochloride)
; 20570-96-1 (di-hydrochloride)
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| PubChem CID |
11157
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| Appearance |
Liquid
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
9
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| Complexity |
67.3
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
C1=CC=C(C=C1)CNN
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| InChi Key |
NHOWLEZFTHYCTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C7H10N2/c8-9-6-7-4-2-1-3-5-7/h1-5,9H,6,8H2
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| Chemical Name |
benzylhydrazine
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 8.1853 mL | 40.9266 mL | 81.8532 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.6371 mL | 8.1853 mL | 16.3706 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.8185 mL | 4.0927 mL | 8.1853 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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