| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| Targets |
4-Nitrophenyl octanoate is not a drug and has no biological target. It is a synthetic substrate for lipases and esterases. The enzyme cleaves the ester bond, releasing 4-nitrophenol (yellow) and octanoic acid (colorless). The p-nitrophenol release can be monitored spectrophotometrically at 405 nm (λmax of the phenolate ion at alkaline pH). This allows for a simple, continuous, and quantitative measurement of lipase activity. This makes it a valuable tool for high-throughput screening (HTS) of lipase inhibitors and activators.
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| ln Vitro |
4-Nitrophenyl octanoate is not a drug; it is a substrate. In a lipase assay, the release of 4-nitrophenol is measured at 405 nm. The reaction velocity (V) is linear with enzyme concentration. The substrate is used to determine the kinetic parameters (Km, Vmax, kcat) of lipases. The Michaelis constant (Km) for this substrate with pancreatic lipase is in the low millimolar range. It is also used to measure the activity of carboxylesterases, which are drug-metabolizing enzymes. It is a standard substrate for lipase activity kits.
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| ln Vivo |
4-Nitrophenyl octanoate is not used in vivo. It is a chemical reagent. When administered to animals, it would be rapidly hydrolyzed by serum esterases. The released 4-nitrophenol is a minor metabolite and can be conjugated and excreted. It is not a therapeutic agent. It is used for ex vivo measurements of lipase activity in tissue homogenates. For example, it can be used to measure the activity of lipases in the pancreas, adipose tissue, and liver.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Lipase activity assay: A typical assay is performed in a 96-well plate. The reaction mixture contains 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0), 5 mM CaCl2, 0.1% Triton X-100, 0.5 mM 4-Nitrophenyl octanoate (substrate), and the lipase enzyme (0.1-10 ug). The reaction is initiated by the addition of the substrate. The increase in absorbance at 405 nm is measured at 25-37degC for 10-20 minutes using a kinetic microplate reader. The initial velocity (V0) is expressed as deltaA40₅/min. One unit of lipase activity is defined as the amount of enzyme that releases 1 umol of 4-nitrophenol per minute under the assay conditions. The molar extinction coefficient of 4-nitrophenol at 405 nm is 18.3 mM-¹ cm-¹.
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| Cell Assay |
Not applicable. 4-Nitrophenyl octanoate is not used in standard cell-based assays for drug discovery. For toxicity screening, HepG2 or HEK293 cells are seeded in 96-well plates (1×10⁴ cells/well) and treated with 4-Nitrophenyl octanoate (1-1000 uM) for 24-72 h. Cell viability is measured by MTT assay. The CC₅0 is expected to be > 500 uM, indicating low cytotoxicity. For lipase secretion studies, pancreatic acinar cells are treated with secretagogues (e.g., cholecystokinin), and the lipase activity in the culture medium is measured using this substrate.
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| Animal Protocol |
For ex vivo lipase activity measurement, mice (C57BL/6, n=6/group) are fasted for 4-6 h. The pancreas is harvested and homogenized in 50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0) containing 1% Triton X-100. The homogenate is centrifuged, and the supernatant is used as the enzyme source. The lipase activity in the supernatant is measured using the 4-Nitrophenyl octanoate assay as described above. The specific activity (U/mg protein) is calculated. This protocol is used to study the effect of diet, drugs, or genetic modifications on pancreatic lipase expression and activity.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Not applicable. 4-Nitrophenyl octanoate is a chemical substrate, not a drug. It is not intended for in vivo use. For research use, it is stored as a solid at 4degC or as a solution in DMSO at -20degC. It is light-sensitive. The compound is readily hydrolyzed by moisture. It is soluble in DMSO, ethanol, and isopropanol. The LogP is 4.0. No PK data is available.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
For 4-Nitrophenyl octanoate, hazard statements: H315 (Causes skin irritation), H319 (Causes serious eye irritation), H335 (May cause respiratory irritation). Signal word: Warning. Precautionary statements: P261 (Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapors/spray), P280 (Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection), P305+P351+P338 (IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes). Storage: at 2-8degC, in a tightly sealed container, protected from light. For research use only.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
4-Nitrophenyl octanoate (4-Nitrophenyl caprylate; CAS# 1956-10-1) is a research-grade chromogenic substrate for lipase and esterase activity assays. It is not an FDA-approved drug. It is used in high-throughput screening (HTS) for lipase inhibitors, for enzyme kinetic studies, and as a diagnostic reagent for lipase activity measurement in biological samples. For research use only, not for diagnostic or therapeutic applications.
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| Molecular Formula |
C14H19NO4
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| Molecular Weight |
265.31
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| Exact Mass |
265.131
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| CAS # |
1956-10-1
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| PubChem CID |
97416
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| Appearance |
Liquid（Density: 1.095 g/cm3）
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
8
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| Heavy Atom Count |
19
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| Complexity |
280
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
CCCCCCCC(=O)OC1=CC=C(C=C1)[N+](=O)[O-]
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| InChi Key |
GGIDEJQGAZSTES-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C14H19NO4/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-14(16)19-13-10-8-12(9-11-13)15(17)18/h8-11H,2-7H2,1H3
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| Chemical Name |
(4-nitrophenyl) octanoate
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| Synonyms |
4-nitrophenyl octanoate; p-Nitrophenyl caprylate
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.7692 mL | 18.8459 mL | 37.6918 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.7538 mL | 3.7692 mL | 7.5384 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3769 mL | 1.8846 mL | 3.7692 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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