| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Nε-(Carboxyethyl)lysine binds to RAGE (Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products) receptors. This binding affects cell signaling and regulates processes such as inflammatory response, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. The compound also affects glutamate transporters, reducing glutamate uptake and S100B protein secretion, and exhibits diabetic-related neurotoxicity.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Nε-(Carboxyethyl)lysine binds to RAGE receptors and activates downstream signaling pathways. It causes cross-linking between proteins, affecting their structure and function. The compound affects glutamate transporters, reducing glutamate uptake, and exhibits neurotoxic effects relevant to diabetic complications and neurodegenerative diseases.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Nε-(Carboxyethyl)lysine accumulates in tissues under conditions of hyperglycemia and oxidative stress, contributing to diabetic complications. Its levels are elevated in diabetes and are associated with the development of diabetic neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy. The compound's effects on RAGE signaling and protein cross-linking contribute to its pathological roles.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The non-cellular assay for Nε-(Carboxyethyl)lysine involves its use as a standard or reference compound in analytical chemistry. It is characterized by standard analytical techniques including HPLC, mass spectrometry, and NMR to confirm its identity and purity. Its binding to RAGE can be assessed using surface plasmon resonance or ELISA-based binding assays.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for Nε-(Carboxyethyl)lysine involve culturing cells that express RAGE, such as endothelial cells, neuronal cells, or macrophages. Cells are treated with the compound, and RAGE-mediated signaling is assessed by measuring inflammatory cytokine production, NF-κB activation, or MAP kinase phosphorylation. Glutamate uptake assays are performed in neuronal cell cultures.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal study protocols for Nε-(Carboxyethyl)lysine typically involve diabetic animal models such as STZ-induced diabetic rats or genetically diabetic mice. The compound's levels in tissues are measured as biomarkers of glycation and diabetic complications. Intervention studies may assess the effects of treatments that reduce AGE formation or block RAGE signaling.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of Nε-(Carboxyethyl)lysine are related to its formation and accumulation in tissues rather than its administration as a drug. It is formed endogenously through non-enzymatic glycation reactions. Its levels in plasma and tissues reflect the degree of glycation and are influenced by glycemic control and oxidative stress.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for Nε-(Carboxyethyl)lysine are related to its role as an AGE. Accumulation of AGEs is associated with diabetic complications, including neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy. The compound's neurotoxic effects are mediated through RAGE signaling and glutamate transporter inhibition.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
N(6)-(1-Carboxyethyl)Lysine is an L-lysine derivative formed by the reaction of methylglyoxal with proteins. CEL is a homologue of N-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), an advanced glycation end product (AGE), formed by the reaction of glyoxal or glycolaldehyde with proteins, or by the oxidative cleavage of fructose-lysine (an amadolid adduct formed by glucose glycosylation of proteins). It is an L-lysine derivative and a non-protein L-α-amino acid. N(6)-(1-Carboxyethyl)lysine is a lysine derivative found in proteins, where the ε-nitrogen atom of its amino acid residues is modified with a carboxyethyl group. This advanced glycation end product (AGE) is elevated in certain diseases and may be associated with aging. It is derived from *Streptococcus lactis*; the reference number (RN) given is for the L isomer.
Nε-(Carboxyethyl)lysine (CEL) is an advanced glycation end product with a molecular formula of C9H18N2O4 and a molecular weight of 218.25. It is formed by glycation of lysine and causes protein cross-linking. The compound binds to RAGE receptors and is associated with diabetic complications. It is used in research on diabetes, aging, and neurodegenerative diseases. It is not a therapeutic drug. |
| Molecular Formula |
C9H18N2O4
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
218.25
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| Exact Mass |
218.127
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| CAS # |
5746-03-2
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| Related CAS # |
Nε-(Carboxyethyl)lysine-d4
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| PubChem CID |
23400779
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solids at room temperature
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| Melting Point |
>150°C (dec.) (lit.)
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| LogP |
0.723
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
4
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
6
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
8
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| Heavy Atom Count |
15
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| Complexity |
220
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
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| SMILES |
CC(NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O)C(O)=O
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| InChi Key |
XCYPSOHOIAZISD-MLWJPKLSSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C9H18N2O4/c1-6(8(12)13)11-5-3-2-4-7(10)9(14)15/h6-7,11H,2-5,10H2,1H3,(H,12,13)(H,14,15)/t6?,7-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S)-2-amino-6-(1-carboxyethylamino)hexanoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.5819 mL | 22.9095 mL | 45.8190 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.9164 mL | 4.5819 mL | 9.1638 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4582 mL | 2.2910 mL | 4.5819 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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