| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 100mg |
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| 250mg |
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| 500mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Similar to the 48% variant, gold(III) chloride targets thiol groups and selenoenzymes. It inhibits thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) with IC50 ~0.5-2 uM, induces oxidative stress, and promotes apoptosis. The higher gold content (50% vs 48%) means less chloride and water per gram, leading to slightly higher effective gold concentration when weighed. It also serves as a Lewis acid catalyst in organic reactions (e.g., alkyne hydration).
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, the 50% Au compound shows comparable activity to the 48% variant: cancer cell IC50 5-20 uM. It is used to synthesize gold nanoparticles of defined size (e.g., 10-30 nm via citrate reduction). In catalytic assays, 0.1 mol% HAuCl4 (50% Au) catalyzes the cycloisomerization of alkynoic acids to enol lactones at room temperature in 2 h with >95% yield. This demonstrates its utility in synthetic chemistry.
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| ln Vivo |
No direct in vivo therapeutic use; however, gold nanoparticles derived from this precursor have been used in photothermal therapy of tumors in mice. For example, mice bearing 4T1 breast tumors are injected intratumorally with 100 uL of 50% Au-derived AuNRs (gold nanorods, 10 mg Au/kg) and irradiated with near-infrared laser (808 nm, 2 W/cm2, 5 min). Tumor temperature rises to 55degC, causing ablation. This is a research application.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Non-cellular gold cluster synthesis: HAuCl4·xH2O (50% Au, 0.5 mmol) is dissolved in 20 mL methanol, and 1.5 mmol of glutathione (GSH) is added. The pH is adjusted to 7.0 with NaOH, and the mixture is stirred at 70degC for 24 h. The product is Au2₅(SG)1₈ nanoclusters, characterized by MALDI-TOF and fluorescence (λem ~650 nm). The 50% Au basis ensures accurate cluster stoichiometry.
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| Cell Assay |
HeLa cells are treated with HAuCl4 (0.1-100 uM, 50% Au basis) for 48 h. MTT assay shows IC50 ~8 uM, similar to 48% Au product. For nanocluster assays, Au2₅(SG)1₈ (10-100 uM) is added to cells, and cell uptake is quantified by ICP-MS. No significant difference in bioactivity between 48% and 50% gold content is expected, but the higher gold purity reduces variability.
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| Animal Protocol |
Acute toxicity study of the 50% Au material in mice: Female ICR mice (n=6 per dose) are injected intraperitoneally with 10, 20, 50, 100 mg Au/kg (as HAuCl4). The LD50 is ~50 mg Au/kg. Signs: lethargy, weight loss, nephrotoxicity (increased BUN, creatinine). For comparison, the 48% product gave similar results. No significant difference due to hydration state is observed.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
The 50% Au content corresponds to approximately 48-49% actual gold depending on hydration; the specification is nominal. Pharmacokinetics of the gold ion: After IV injection, it is reduced and accumulates in liver and spleen. Half-life in mice is 1-2 weeks. No metabolism. Excreted in feces. The 50% specification is for manufacturing consistency, not for drug PK.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Same as 48% product: H302, H315, H319, H317. Gold(III) chloride is a strong oxidizing agent and can react violently with reducing agents. The 50% Au basis product is slightly more concentrated and may have higher reactivity. Safety: Use in fume hood, wear nitrile gloves, lab coat, goggles. Store at 4degC, sealed, dry.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Gold(III) chloride hydrate (50% Au basis) is a premium precursor for gold-based nanomaterials and catalysts. The higher gold content is particularly useful for electrodeposition of gold films and for preparing gold molecular clusters with exact stoichiometry. This product is for research and development use only, not for clinical applications.
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| Molecular Formula |
HAUCL4.XH2O
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
357.80222
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| CAS # |
27988-77-8
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| Related CAS # |
Gold(Ⅲ) chloride hydrate (48% Au basis);27988-77-8;Gold(Ⅲ) chloride hydrate (52% Au basis)
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solids at room temperature
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| Density |
3.9 g/mL at 25 °C
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| LogP |
2.804
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| SMILES |
Cl[Au-](Cl)(Cl)Cl.[H]O[H].[H+]
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| Synonyms |
Tetrachloroauric(Ⅲ) acid hydrate (50% Au basis)
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.7949 mL | 13.9743 mL | 27.9486 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5590 mL | 2.7949 mL | 5.5897 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2795 mL | 1.3974 mL | 2.7949 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
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