| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 100mg |
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| 250mg |
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| 500mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Gold(III) chloride targets thiol groups on proteins and enzymes. It can bind to and inhibit thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), a selenoenzyme involved in redox regulation, with IC50 in the low micromolar range. This inhibition leads to oxidative stress and apoptosis in cancer cells. It also interacts with DNA and can form coordination complexes with nitrogen donors. These properties are exploited in anticancer research.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, HAuCl4 (0.1-10 uM) inhibits recombinant TrxR with IC50 ~0.5-2 uM. It induces apoptosis in various cancer cell lines (e.g., HeLa, MCF-7, A549) with IC50 values of 5-20 uM (48-72 h treatment). It also catalyzes the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol in the presence of NaBH4 (a classic nanoparticle catalytic assay). The gold content (48%) ensures accurate dosing for these assays.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, gold(III) chloride has shown antitumor activity in mouse xenograft models. For example, in mice bearing CT26 colon tumors, intraperitoneal injection of HAuCl4 (2 mg Au/kg, 3 times per week for 3 weeks) reduced tumor volume by 50-60% compared to control. However, gold(III) salts are toxic to kidneys and liver. They are not clinically approved as drugs but are used to synthesize gold nanoparticles for photothermal therapy.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Non-cellular nanoparticle synthesis protocol: HAuCl4·xH2O (0.5 mM, 100 mL) is heated to boiling with stirring. Then, 1% sodium citrate (10 mL) is added rapidly, and the solution is boiled for 15 min. The color changes from pale yellow to wine red, indicating formation of ~20 nm gold nanoparticles. The nanoparticles are characterized by UV-Vis (λmax ~520 nm) and TEM. The 48% Au basis ensures reproducible particle size.
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| Cell Assay |
HeLa cells (1×10⁴ cells/well) in 96-well plates are treated with HAuCl4 (0.1-100 uM, diluted in PBS) for 24-72 h. Cell viability is measured by MTT. IC50 is typically 5-10 uM at 48 h. For nanoparticle-based assays, cells are incubated with pre-formed AuNPs (10-100 ug/mL) and then exposed to laser irradiation (photothermal therapy). Cell death is assessed by calcein-AM/PI staining. The 48% Au basis allows accurate calculation of gold concentration.
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| Animal Protocol |
Mouse model for gold nanoparticle biodistribution: Female BALB/c mice (n=15) are injected intravenously with 100 uL of HAuCl4-derived gold nanoparticles (0.5 mg Au/kg). At 1, 24, 48, and 72 h, mice are euthanized; liver, spleen, kidney, and blood are collected. Gold content is measured by ICP-MS. Most gold accumulates in the liver and spleen (>80% of dose). For HAuCl4 itself, acute toxicity study follows OECD 423: LD50 ~50-100 mg Au/kg (IP) in mice.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
After intravenous injection, gold(III) chloride is rapidly reduced to gold(0) nanoparticles in the blood and accumulates in the reticuloendothelial system (liver, spleen). It is not metabolized. The plasma half-life of gold(III) is minutes because of reduction; the resulting Au⁰ particles have a half-life of days to weeks. Excretion is primarily fecal (via bile). The 48% Au basis is used to calculate dosing.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Gold(III) chloride is a skin and eye irritant (H315, H319). It is harmful if swallowed (H302) and may cause allergic skin reaction (H317). The LD50 (oral) in rats is ~500 mg/kg. It is not a carcinogen (IARC Group 3). Safety: Use gloves, lab coat, goggles, fume hood. Avoid inhalation of dust. Store at 4degC, sealed, protected from light.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Gold(III) chloride hydrate (48% Au) is a standard precursor for gold nanoparticles used in biosensing, drug delivery, and catalysis. The gold content specification (48%) ensures consistent nanoparticle size and concentration. This product is for research use only and is not a pharmaceutical.
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| Molecular Formula |
HAUCL4.XH2O
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
357.80222
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| CAS # |
27988-77-8
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| Related CAS # |
Gold(Ⅲ) chloride hydrate (50% Au basis);27988-77-8;Gold(Ⅲ) chloride hydrate (52% Au basis)
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| Appearance |
Yellow to orange solid powder
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| Density |
3.9 g/mL at 25 °C
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| LogP |
2.804
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| SMILES |
Cl[Au-](Cl)(Cl)Cl.[H]O[H].[H+]
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| Synonyms |
Tetrachloroauric(Ⅲ) acid hydrate (48% Au basis)
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ≥ 200 mg/mL
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.7949 mL | 13.9743 mL | 27.9486 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5590 mL | 2.7949 mL | 5.5897 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2795 mL | 1.3974 mL | 2.7949 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
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