| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Nirvanol is an anticonvulsant agent that likely acts by modulating voltage-gated sodium channels or GABA_A receptors, similar to other hydantoins (e.g., phenytoin) and barbiturates. The exact molecular target is not fully defined, but it is known to inhibit the spread of seizure activity in the brain. It is a metabolite of the anticonvulsant mephenytoin, and its anticonvulsant activity contributes to the overall effect of the parent drug. It is also a hypnotic agent, causing sedation.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Nirvanol is not typically used in cell-based assays. As a hydantoin derivative, it may inhibit the function of voltage-gated sodium channels. In cell-free assays, it has been shown to inhibit the binding of [3H]-batrachotoxinin to sodium channels. The IC₅0 for sodium channel inhibition is in the low micromolar range. It is used as a reference standard in analytical chemistry for the detection of hydantoin metabolites.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Nirvanol exhibits anticonvulsant effects in the maximal electroshock (MES) seizure model in mice. It also has hypnotic (sleep-inducing) properties and produces sedation. It is a metabolite of the drug mephenytoin, which has been used clinically as an anticonvulsant. Nirvanol contributes to the anticonvulsant activity of mephenytoin and may also be responsible for some of its adverse effects. It is not approved for clinical use as a single agent.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Nirvanol is not a standard enzyme inhibitor. Its purity (>98%) is assessed by HPLC. The structure is confirmed by ¹H NMR and mass spectrometry (ESI-MS, expected [M+H]+ m/z 205). Physicochemical properties: MW 204.23, white to off-white powder, soluble in DMSO and ethanol, stored at 2-8degC. For analytical method development, it is used as a reference standard for the detection of mephenytoin metabolites in plasma and urine by LC-MS/MS.
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| Cell Assay |
Not applicable. Nirvanol is not used in standard cell-based assays for drug discovery. For toxicity screening, HepG2 or HEK293 cells are seeded in 96-well plates (1×10⁴ cells/well) and treated with Nirvanol (1-1000 uM) for 24-72 h. Cell viability is measured by MTT assay. The CC₅0 is expected to be >200 uM, indicating moderate to low cytotoxicity. The compound is a metabolite standard, not a test agent for pharmacological studies.
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| Animal Protocol |
In the maximal electroshock (MES) seizure model, male Swiss-Webster mice (20-30 g, n=10/group) are administered Nirvanol (10-100 mg/kg, IP) 30 min before a 50 mA, 60 Hz corneal shock is applied for 0.2 sec. The tonic hindlimb extension (seizure) is recorded. The ED₅0 for protection against seizures is calculated. Nirvanol exhibits anticonvulsant activity in this model, similar to phenytoin. For hypnosis studies, the compound is administered IP, and the loss of righting reflex (LORR) is measured.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Metabolism / Metabolites
It is known that Nirvanol's metabolites in humans include Nirvanol N-glucuronide. Following oral administration, Nirvanol is absorbed. It is metabolized in the liver by CYP450 enzymes (CYP2C19) to 4-hydroxynirvanol, which is then conjugated and excreted in urine. The half-life in rodents is expected to be 2-6 hours. For research use, it is stored at 2-8degC in a tightly sealed container, protected from light. |
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Nirvanol is an anticonvulsant and hypnotic agent. The acute oral LD₅0 in rodents is expected to be >500 mg/kg. Overdose may cause central nervous system depression, ataxia, and respiratory depression. It may also cause hepatotoxicity. It is a potential teratogen (hydantoins are known to cause fetal hydantoin syndrome). For handling, use PPE (gloves, lab coat, goggles), work in a fume hood, avoid inhalation and skin contact.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Nirvanol is an imidazolidine-2,4-dione. The name Nirvanol may have been used for ethinyl ethyltoluene; RN refers to compounds with unspecified isomers.
Nirvanol (Ethylphenylhydantoin; 5-Ethyl-5-phenylhydantoin; CAS# 631-07-2) is a research-grade anticonvulsant metabolite of mephenytoin. It is not an FDA-approved drug. It is used as a reference standard for drug metabolism studies and for research on anticonvulsant mechanisms. For research use only, not for diagnostic or therapeutic applications. Purity: ≥98%. Storage: 2-8degC, sealed, protect from light. |
| Molecular Formula |
C11H12N2O2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
204.23
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| Exact Mass |
204.09
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| CAS # |
631-07-2
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| Related CAS # |
Nirvanol-d5;119458-27-4
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| PubChem CID |
91480
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| Appearance |
White to light yellow solid powder
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| Density |
1.173 g/cm3
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| Melting Point |
195-200ºC
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| Index of Refraction |
1.538
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| LogP |
1.789
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
15
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| Complexity |
284
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
CCC1(C(NC(N1)=O)=O)C2=CC=CC=C2
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| InChi Key |
UDTWZFJEMMUFLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C11H12N2O2/c1-2-11(8-6-4-3-5-7-8)9(14)12-10(15)13-11/h3-7H,2H2,1H3,(H2,12,13,14,15)
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| Chemical Name |
5-ethyl-5-phenylimidazolidine-2,4-dione
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| Synonyms |
5-Ethyl-5-phenylhydantoin; Ethylphenylhydantoin; Phenylethyihydantoin; Desmethylmephenytoin
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~50 mg/mL (~244.82 mM; with ultrasonication)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.8964 mL | 24.4822 mL | 48.9644 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.9793 mL | 4.8964 mL | 9.7929 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4896 mL | 2.4482 mL | 4.8964 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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