| Size | Price | |
|---|---|---|
| 500mg | ||
| 1g | ||
| Other Sizes |
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
Absorption: Poor gastrointestinal absorption. It is difficult for the body to absorb... Metabolism / Metabolites Exposure to all three 1,4-naphthoquinones (NQs) reduced intracellular glutathione levels in both cell types. In BF-2 and HepG2 cells, pretreatment with the glutathione-depleting agent sulfoxide imine (BSO) enhanced the cytotoxicity of 5,8-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone and dichloronaphthoquinone; while pretreatment with the DT-dihydroflavinase inhibitor dicumarol had no effect on the toxicity of these two naphthoquinones. Clearly, for both quinones, the primary metabolic pathway in BF-2 and HepG2 cells involves a redox cycle via single-electron reduction, generating reactive oxygen species intermediates that deplete intracellular glutathione. Pretreatment of BF-2 cells with BSO (but not dicumarol) enhanced the toxicity of 1,4-naphthoquinone, again indicating that its metabolism is via single-electron reduction. However, in HepG2 cells, dicumarol pretreatment (but not BSO pretreatment) enhanced the cytotoxicity of 1,4-naphthoquinone. Clearly, compared to BF-2 cells, in HepG2 cells, 1,4-naphthoquinone is metabolized via DT-dihydroflavinase, a reaction involving two-electron reduction. In plant cells, both chlorine atoms are substituted with thiol groups, generating substituted dimercapto compounds. |
|---|---|
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Non-Human Toxicity Values
Intraperitoneal LD50 in mice: 30 mg/kg; Oral LD50 in rats: 1300 mg/kg; Oral LD50 in rats: 160 mg/kg; Transdermal LD50 in rabbits: 5000 mg/kg; Oral LD50 in mice: 440 mg/kg |
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Dichlone is a yellow crystalline solid soluble in water emulsifiers. It can cause illness through inhalation, skin absorption, and/or ingestion. Its main hazard is environmental pollution. Immediate measures should be taken to limit its spread into the environment. Dichlone readily seeps into soil, polluting groundwater and nearby streams. It is used as a fungicide. Dichlone (non-liquid) is a yellow crystalline solid, a wettable powder. It can cause illness through inhalation, skin absorption, and/or ingestion. It is used as a herbicide. Structure. See also: Dichlone (non-liquid) (narrow sense).
Mechanism of Action Dichlone is one of the sites of action of this insecticide in fibroblasts. Dichlorvos rapidly enters the cell and stimulates oxygen uptake through direct interaction with membrane components, possibly by forming a bypass pathway for electron transport. Experiments have shown that dichlorvos inhibits key oxidation reactions of glucose, acetic acid, pyruvate, and α-ketoglutarate. Dichlorvos is a central nervous system depressant. It can react with thiols of enzymes. Dichlorvos is a potent alkylating agent and can undergo substitution reactions with amines. For more complete data on the mechanisms of action of dichlorvos (6 types), please visit the HSDB record page. Therapeutic Uses Experimental Treatment: Of the 12 target compounds, 6 (R = hydrogen, chlorine, hydroxyl, methyl, methoxy; Rl = hydrogen, chlorine, amino, phenylamino, etc.) were tested for their antitumor activity against mouse ascites sarcoma 180. These compounds were all prepared from 2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone. …Dichloroquinone exhibited activity against mouse ascites sarcoma 180 in vivo. Statistical analysis showed that the most important parameter determining the prolongation of survival in tumor-bearing mice was its redox potential. Although the toxicity of these compounds was also closely related to redox potential, their therapeutic index could be improved by introducing substituents with higher lipophilicity. |
| Molecular Formula |
C10H4CL2O2
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
227.04
|
| Exact Mass |
225.959
|
| CAS # |
117-80-6
|
| PubChem CID |
8342
|
| Appearance |
Golden yellow needles or leaflets from alcohol.
|
| Density |
1.5±0.1 g/cm3
|
| Boiling Point |
304.0±42.0 °C at 760 mmHg
|
| Melting Point |
379.4 °F (USCG, 1999)
; 195 °C
; Melting Point: greater than or equal to 188 °C /Technical Grade/
|
| Flash Point |
127.5±28.5 °C
|
| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.6 mmHg at 25°C
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.634
|
| LogP |
2.35
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
0
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
14
|
| Complexity |
301
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| SMILES |
C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=O)C(=C(C2=O)Cl)Cl
|
| InChi Key |
SVPKNMBRVBMTLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C10H4Cl2O2/c11-7-8(12)10(14)6-4-2-1-3-5(6)9(7)13/h1-4H
|
| Chemical Name |
2,3-dichloronaphthalene-1,4-dione
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.4045 mL | 22.0226 mL | 44.0451 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.8809 mL | 4.4045 mL | 8.8090 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4405 mL | 2.2023 mL | 4.4045 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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