| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1mg |
|
||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Angiotensin II/BSA is not a drug and has no direct therapeutic target. Its molecular target is the immune system. By presenting the Angiotensin II peptide to B cells, the BSA carrier protein acts as an adjuvant to stimulate a potent adaptive immune response [8L22-L24】. The B-cell receptors specific for the Angiotensin II epitope recognize the conjugate, leading to the production of anti-Angiotensin II antibodies. These antibodies can then be used as research tools or as passive immunotherapies to block the vasoconstrictor and aldosterone-stimulating effects of Angiotensin II.
|
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
The in vitro activity of Angiotensin II/BSA is not directly measured in enzyme or cell proliferation assays. Instead, its activity is assessed through its ability to generate specific antibodies when used as an immunogen. In ELISA, plates are coated with Angiotensin II/BSA, and the sera from immunized animals are applied. The binding of antibodies specific to the Angiotensin II epitope is detected with an anti-species secondary antibody. The titer of the resulting anti-Angiotensin II antibodies is a measure of the conjugate's immunogenicity. The conjugate itself is not evaluated in cytotoxicity or enzyme inhibition assays.
|
| ln Vivo |
The conjugate is used in vivo as an immunogen to generate polyclonal antibodies in rabbits, goats, or other laboratory animals. It is also used in the generation of monoclonal antibodies via hybridoma technology. The BSA carrier, a common and potent immunogen, ensures a robust immune response against the conjugated Angiotensin II peptide. The resulting antibodies are valuable reagents for immunoassays, western blotting, and for neutralizing Angiotensin II in in vivo physiological studies. The conjugate itself is not a therapeutic agent but is used in the process of developing potential antibody-based therapies.
|
| Enzyme Assay |
To measure the efficacy of the conjugate, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is employed. The wells of a 96-well plate are coated with a solution of Angiotensin II/BSA (1-10 ug/mL) in carbonate-bicarbonate buffer. After blocking with BSA or casein, serial dilutions of serum from an immunized animal are added. The plate is incubated, washed, and an HRP-conjugated secondary antibody is added. Finally, a colorimetric substrate (e.g., TMB) is added, and the reaction is stopped with acid. The absorbance is read at 450 nm. The antibody titer is defined as the highest dilution that yields a signal above the control.
|
| Cell Assay |
A standard immunization protocol involves mixing Angiotensin II/BSA with an adjuvant, such as Freund's Complete Adjuvant (FCA) for the first injection and Freund's Incomplete Adjuvant (FIA) for subsequent boosters. New Zealand White rabbits are injected subcutaneously at multiple sites with 100-200 ug of conjugate emulsified in FCA. Three to four weeks later, a booster with the same dose of conjugate in FIA is administered. A second booster is given 2-3 weeks later. Blood is collected 10-14 days after the final booster, and serum is separated. The antibody titer is determined by ELISA as described. This protocol is standard for producing high-titer polyclonal antibodies.
|
| Animal Protocol |
Angiotensin II/BSA is not used in standard cell-based assays. It is an immunogen that is injected into animals to generate antibodies. However, the resulting antibodies, which are the final product, can be used in cell-based assays to neutralize Angiotensin II. For example, to test the blocking ability of the generated antibodies, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are stimulated with Angiotensin II to induce contraction or proliferation. The cells are pre-incubated with the serum containing anti-Angiotensin II antibodies, and then stimulated with Angiotensin II. The antibody's ability to block the Angiotensin II-induced effect is then measured.
|
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
A standard protocol for generating antibodies using Angiotensin II/BSA conjugate in rabbits is described in Field 6. The conjugate itself is not part of an animal protocol for drug efficacy, but rather for generating research reagents. The conjugate is formulated as a 1:1 emulsion with Freund's adjuvant. Rabbits are typically used, but guinea pigs, rats, or mice can also be used depending on the antibody required. The immunization schedule typically lasts for 8-12 weeks. At the end of the protocol, the animals are bled, and the serum is collected. No direct therapeutic or toxicological endpoints are evaluated.
|
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
As an immunogen and BSA-conjugated peptide, Angiotensin II/BSA is not intended for systemic administration in its final form. It is used to immunize animals, after which it is processed by the immune system. Its half-life is short as it is rapidly taken up by antigen-presenting cells. The BSA carrier is a large protein (66 kDa) and will be processed and cleared. No pharmacokinetic data is available for this specific conjugate. For research use, it is stored as a lyophilized powder or in a buffered solution at 4degC or -20degC to maintain stability.
|
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
The toxicity of Angiotensin II/BSA is primarily related to the adjuvant used during immunization (e.g., Complete Freund's Adjuvant), which can cause localized granulomas and sterile abscesses. The conjugate itself is not inherently toxic. However, as with any foreign protein, there is a risk of an allergic reaction. When handling, standard safety precautions for working with biological reagents should be used. This includes wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, lab coat, and safety goggles to prevent skin and eye contact. As a BSA conjugate, it should be handled in a way to avoid inhalation of aerosols.
|
| Appearance |
Typically exists as solids at room temperature
|
|---|---|
| Synonyms |
Angiotensin II BSA conjugate
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
Copyright 2020 InvivoChem LLC | All Rights Reserved
