β3 adrenoceptor 5-HT1A Receptor 2.1 nM (Ki) 5-HT1B Receptor 3 nM (Ki)

Rat brain cortex slices preincubated with 3H-serotonin were superfused with physiological salt solution containing the serotonin uptake blocker DU 24565 (6-nitroquipazine). The effects of (+/-)-cyanopindolol and its enantiomers, of ICI 118,551 (erythro-dl-1-(7-methylindan-4-yloxy)-3-isopropylaminobut an-2-ol) and of isoprenaline on the electrically (3 Hz) evoked 3H overflow were studied. (+/-)-Cyanopindolol increased the evoked 3H overflow; this effect was prevented by preexposure to the previously characterized serotonin receptor antagonist metitepin. The concentration-response curve of unlabelled serotonin for its inhibitory effect on the electrically evoked 3H overflow was shifted to the right by (+/-)-cyanopindolol (apparent pA2 value: 8.29), whereas that of noradrenaline (determined in the absence of DU 24565) was not affected (apparent pA2 value: less than 6.0). The concentration-response curve of serotonin was also shifted to the right by (-)-cyanopindolol (apparent pA2 value: 8.30) and (+)-cyanopindolol (6.83) but not by ICI 118,551 (less than 5.5). Isoprenaline (up to 10 mumol/l; examined in the absence of DU 24565) did not influence the electrically evoked 3H overflow. The present results show that the presynaptic serotonin autoreceptor is blocked by cyanopindolol in a stereoselective way. This drug is 20 times more potent than metitepin as an antagonist at the presynaptic serotonin autoreceptor, and, in contrast to the latter, it does not act as an antagonist at the presynaptic alpha 2-adrenoceptor on the serotoninergic neurone. [2]

In rat brain cortex slices preincubated with [3H]5-HT, the potencies of 17 5-HT receptor agonists to inhibit the electrically evoked 3H overflow and the affinities of 13 antagonists (including several beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents) to antagonize competitively the inhibitory effect of unlabelled 5-HT on evoked 3H overflow were determined. The affinities of the compounds for 5-HT1B and 5-HT2 binding sites in rat brain cortex membranes (labelled by [125I]cyanopindolol = [125I]-CYP in the presence of 30 mumol/l isoprenaline and [3H]ketanserin, respectively), for 5-HT1A binding sites in pig and rat brain cortex membranes (labelled by [3H]8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin = [3H]8-OH-DPAT) and for 5-HT1C binding sites in pig choroid plexus membranes (labelled by [3H]mesulergine) were also determined. The affinities of the drugs for the various 5-HT recognition sites ranged over 4-5 log units (the functional experiments revealed the same range of differences between the drugs). There were no significant correlations between the affinities of the drugs at 5-HT1C and 5-HT2 binding sites and their potencies or affinities, determined for the 5-HT autoreceptors. In contrast, significant correlations were found between the potencies or affinities of the drugs for the autoreceptors and their affinities at 5-HT1A or 5-HT1B binding sites; the best correlations were obtained with the 5-HT1B binding site. Some of the drugs investigated were not included in the correlation since their agonistic or antagonistic effects on the autoreceptors were weak and pEC30 or apparent pA2 values could not be determined (less than 5.5) [1].

1. Pindolol, cyanopindolol (CYP) and iodocyanopindolol (IodoCYP) have been reported to act either as antagonists, agonists or partial agonists at the beta 3-adrenoceptor in different preparations. A comprehensive investigation has not yet been described with these compounds tested in one tissue from one species. This study was conducted to delineate the pharmacological effects of pindolol, CYP and IodoCYP and to provide data on their affinities at the predominant beta-adrenoceptor in rat ileum. 2. The beta-adrenoceptors present in rat ileum were characterized in the presence of CGP 20712A and ICI 118 551, atropine and corticosterone, with (-)-isoprenaline used as an agonist. The role of the beta 1 and beta 2-adrenoceptors was determined by the omission of either CGP 20712A, ICI 118 551, or both, from the buffers. Conversely, the effectiveness of the beta 1- and beta 2-adrenoceptor blockade was examined by use of the beta 1-adrenoceptor-selective agonist, RO 363 and the beta 2-adrenoceptor-selective agonist, salbutamol. 3. There was no evidence for the presence of functional beta 1-adrenoceptors, and no strong evidence that beta 2-adrenoceptor stimulation contributed to the relaxant effects of (-)-isoprenaline. (-)-Phenylephrine did not produce relaxation of the tissue and 5-hydroxytryptamine produced contraction. 4. The beta 3-adrenoceptor-selective agonist, BRL 37344 and (-)-isoprenaline were potent full agonists (pD2 8.35 +/- 0.04 and 7.76 +/- 0.14 respectively), whereas ICI D7114 was less potent (pseudo pD2 6.92 +/- 0.15). These results indicate that the predominant functional beta-adrenoceptors in rat ileum are beta 3-adrenoceptors. 5. Partial agonist effects were produced by CYP (pD2 5.28 +/- 0.26) and IodoCYP (pD2 7.0 +/- 0.26), but not pindolol. All three compounds antagonized the effects of (-)-isoprenaline with pKb values of 6.68 +/- 0.10, 7.59 +/- 0.07 and 7.59 +/- 0.11 for pindolol, CYP and IodoCYP respectively. Likewise, CYP and IodoCYP antagonized the effects of BRL 37344 with pKb values of 7.20 +/- 0.22 and 7.21 +/- 0.14 respectively. This study provides the first functional data on the effects of IodoCYP, the ligand with the highest known affinity for the beta 3-adrenoceptor, at the characterized rat ileum beta 3-adrenoceptor. 6. In conclusion, whereas pKb values suggest that CYP and IodoCYP have a similar affinity for the beta 3-adrenoceptor in rat ileum, the higher potency of IodoCYP suggests that it promotes a greater coupling efficiency, or that its partial agonist effects are produced through a site other than the beta 3-adrenoceptor. The similar pKb values for CYP and IodoCYP at the beta 3-adrenoceptor contrast with their order of known affinities at the beta 1- and beta 2-adrenoceptors, where IodoCYP is far more potent than CYP. This provides evidence of further differences in the characteristics of the beta 3-adrenoceptors compared to the beta 1- and beta 2-adrenoceptors. Finally, the utility of IodoCYP as a beta 3-adrenoceptor antagonist would appear to be limited because of the greater magnitude of partial agonist effects that it produces. [1]

[1]. Hoey A, et al. Atypical responses of rat ileum to pindolol, cyanopindolol and iodocyanopindolol. Br J Pharmacol. 1996 Feb;117(4):712-6.

[2]. Cyanopindolol is a highly potent and selective antagonist at the presynaptic serotonin autoreceptor in the rat brain cortex. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1985 Dec;331(4):398-401.

[3]. Structural analysis by the comparative molecular field analysis method of the affinity of beta-adrenoreceptor blocking agents for 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B receptors. Eur J Pharmacol. 1993 Jan 4;244(1):77-87.

4-[3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy]-1H-indole-2-nitrile belongs to the indole class of compounds.
Adrenergic β-receptor antagonists: These drugs bind to β-adrenergic receptors without activating them, thus blocking the action of β-adrenergic agonists. Adrenergic β-receptor antagonists are used to treat hypertension, arrhythmias, angina pectoris, glaucoma, migraines, and anxiety disorders. (See all compounds classified as β-adrenergic antagonists.)
Serotonin antagonists: Drugs that bind to serotonin receptors without activating them, thus blocking the action of serotonin; or serotonin receptor agonists.

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The affinity of 17 β-adrenergic receptor antagonists for 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B receptors was evaluated by binding assays. A wide range of Ki values (2–10,000 nM) was observed. Ortho- or meta-substitution of the aromatic ring containing the amino chain was associated with high-affinity Ki values, while para-substitution led to a significant decrease in activity. These variations were analyzed using two molecular design tools: the active analogue approach (AAA) and a novel 3D-QSAR (quantitative structure-activity relationship) approach—Comparative Molecular Field Analysis (CoMFA). The AAA method highlights favorable and unfavorable volumes associated with receptor recognition by superimposing selected molecular conformations. CoMFA establishes a linear relationship between biological data and different values of the electrostatic and steric fields surrounding the molecule. It predicts values not only for selected molecules but also for novel molecules not included in the study. The extremely high accuracy of the predictions demonstrates the potential of this method in the design of new compounds. CoMFA shows that the steric parameter (predicted up to 92%) plays a significant role in explaining the affinity of the 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B receptors, while the predicted values for the electrostatic field (predicted up to 8%) are relatively low. This study also highlights the importance of the occupancy of hydrophobic pockets located near the region of interaction with the aromatic moiety at the receptor site, and points out that they can be used to design novel, efficient, and specific 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B receptor antagonists. [3]

C16H21N3O2

287.36

69906-85-0

69906-85-0; 69906-86-1

155346

Typically exists as solids at room temperature

1.19g/cm3

522.5ºC at 760 mmHg

269.8ºC

1.599

2.558

3

4

6

21

385

0

CC(C)(C)NCC(COC1=CC=CC2=C1C=C(N2)C#N)O

Cyanopindolol; 69906-85-0; (+-)-Cyanopindolol; 4-[3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy]-1H-indole-2-carbonitrile; 1H-Indole-2-carbonitrile, 4-(3-((1,1-dimethylethyl)amino)-2-hydroxypropoxy)-; 4-(3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy)-1H-indole-2-carbonitrile; CYANOPINDOLOL(+/-); GTPL132;

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.

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Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)
*Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil)
Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).

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Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)]
*Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline
Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil)
Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)

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Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium)
Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).

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Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400
Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders

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Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.

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 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)