| Size | Price | |
|---|---|---|
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
The compound is a broad-spectrum preservative that targets the cell membranes of bacteria and fungi. Its mechanism of action is primarily through the disruption of microbial cell membrane integrity and inhibition of membrane transport processes. This leads to leakage of cellular components and eventual cell death. It is particularly effective against gram-positive bacteria and yeasts. The sodium salt dissociates in water to release the active methylparaben anion, which is the antimicrobial species.
|
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
Sodium methylparaben, 99% (Sodium methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, 99%) exhibits antifungal activity against green mold citrus (GM) and blue mold (BM) [1].
In vitro, sodium methylparaben demonstrates potent antimicrobial activity. In standard minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays, it is effective against a range of microorganisms, including Escherichia coli (MIC ~1-2 mg/mL), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC ~2-4 mg/mL), and Candida albicans (MIC ~1-2 mg/mL). It is also used as an antifungal agent and as a preservative in multi-dose vials to prevent contamination. The 99% analytical standard is used to calibrate HPLC methods for quantifying preservatives in finished products. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, sodium methylparaben is not administered for therapeutic activity; it is an excipient. It is used as a preservative in injectable medications (e.g., multi-dose vials), topical creams, and oral solutions to prevent microbial growth. The compound is hydrolyzed by skin and plasma esterases to p-hydroxybenzoic acid, which is then conjugated with glycine (to p-hydroxyhippuric acid) or glucuronic acid and excreted in urine. It is considered safe at low concentrations (typically 0.05-0.2% w/v).
|
| Enzyme Assay |
Non-cellular assays are analytical: HPLC-UV determination of methylparaben content. A standard solution of sodium methylparaben (100 ug/mL) is prepared in mobile phase (e.g., 50% methanol in water with 0.1% phosphoric acid). The analysis is performed on a C18 column (4.6×250 mm, 5 um) at 1 mL/min, detection at 254 nm. The retention time of methylparaben is approximately 6-8 minutes. The purity of the 99% standard is used to prepare calibration curves for preservative quantification.
|
| Cell Assay |
The preservative efficacy test for sodium methylparaben is a standard challenge test (USP <51>). A test solution containing 0.1-0.2% sodium methylparaben is inoculated with a standardized suspension of E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, C. albicans, and A. niger. The inoculated solution is incubated at 20-25degC. Samples are withdrawn at 0, 7, 14, 28 days and plated on appropriate agar media. For a product to pass, the bacterial count must be reduced by ≥99.9% (3 log) by day 14 and show no increase by day 28, with yeasts/molds reduced by ≥90% (1 log) by day 14.
|
| Animal Protocol |
Sodium methylparaben is used in multi-dose vaccine formulations (e.g., influenza vaccines) as a preservative to prevent bacterial and fungal contamination after the vial is opened. For safety testing, a dermal sensitization study in guinea pigs is conducted. The compound is applied topically at concentrations up to 2% for induction and challenge. Skin reactions (erythema, edema) are scored at 24 and 48 hours. The test confirms the low allergenic potential of methylparaben, though rare cases of contact dermatitis have been reported. This is a safety study, not a therapeutic efficacy study.
|
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Sodium methylparaben (MW 174.13) is highly water-soluble. When ingested or absorbed topically, it is rapidly hydrolyzed by esterases in the skin, liver, and plasma to p-hydroxybenzoic acid (pHBA). pHBA is then conjugated with glycine to form p-hydroxyhippuric acid or with glucuronic acid to form a glucuronide. The conjugates are excreted in the urine. The elimination half-life of parabens in humans is very short (<1 hour). No accumulation occurs. The compound is stored at room temperature, sealed, in a dry container.
|
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The compound has low acute toxicity. The oral LD50 in rats is >5000 mg/kg. It is a mild skin and eye irritant. In cosmetic use, methylparaben has been a subject of safety debate due to potential weak estrogenic activity, but regulatory bodies (FDA, EU SCCS) consider it safe at current levels of use (up to 0.4% for a single ester). For laboratory handling, use PPE (gloves, lab coat, goggles). Avoid inhalation of dust. It is a preservative, not a drug.
|
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Sodium methylparaben (99%) (CAS 5026-62-0) is the high-purity analytical standard for the widely used preservative methylparaben. It is listed as E219 in the food industry. In pharmaceutical formulations, it is used in combination with propylparaben to achieve broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. The sodium salt is preferred for aqueous formulations where solubility is critical. This product is intended for research and manufacturing use, not for direct human consumption as a raw material.
|
| Molecular Formula |
C8H7NAO3
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
174.13
|
| Exact Mass |
174.029
|
| CAS # |
5026-62-0
|
| Related CAS # |
99-76-3 (Parent)
|
| PubChem CID |
23663626
|
| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
|
| Boiling Point |
265.5ºC at 760 mmHg
|
| Melting Point |
The white precipitate formed by acidifying with hydrochloric acid a 10 % (w/v) aqueous solution of the sodium derivative of methylp-hydroxybenzoate (using litmus paper as indicator) shall, when washed with water and dried at 80 °C for two hours, have a melting range of 125 °C to 128 °C
|
| Flash Point |
116.4ºC
|
| LogP |
1.617
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
12
|
| Complexity |
141
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| SMILES |
COC(=O)C1=CC=C(C=C1)[O-].[Na+]
|
| InChi Key |
PESXGULMKCKJCC-UHFFFAOYSA-M
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C8H8O3.Na/c1-11-8(10)6-2-4-7(9)5-3-6;/h2-5,9H,1H3;/q;+1/p-1
|
| Chemical Name |
sodium 4-methoxycarbonylphenolate
|
| Synonyms |
Sodium methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, 99%
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.7428 mL | 28.7142 mL | 57.4284 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.1486 mL | 5.7428 mL | 11.4857 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5743 mL | 2.8714 mL | 5.7428 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
Copyright 2020 InvivoChem LLC | All Rights Reserved
