| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 250mg |
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| 500mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Pirenzepine Dihydrochloride selectively targets M1 muscarinic receptors. It acts as a selective M1 muscarinic receptor antagonist, inhibiting acetylcholine binding to M1 receptors and thereby blocking downstream signaling pathways associated with this receptor subtype. Its mechanism involves interaction with an allosteric site on the M1 receptor, reducing the receptor's affinity for acetylcholine. This selectivity accounts for its ability to inhibit gastric acid secretion with fewer systemic anticholinergic side effects.
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| ln Vitro |
Pipendoxifene is a new 2-phenylindole selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) with excellent preclinical pharmacology profiles and was selected for continued development for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer [1].
Pirenzepine Dihydrochloride demonstrates antisecretory properties on gastric acid in vitro. It inhibits acetylcholine-induced gastric acid secretion in isolated gastric mucosa preparations. The compound's selectivity for M1 over other muscarinic receptor subtypes (M2, M3) has been characterized in receptor binding and functional assays. Its IC50 for M1 receptor binding and its potency in inhibiting acid secretion are key parameters. However, detailed quantitative data are limited in publicly available sources. |
| ln Vivo |
In lipopolysaccharide-induced septic shock, pirenzepine treatment (intraperitoneal injection; 0.3 mg/kg; once) has demonstrated positive results [3].
Pirenzepine Dihydrochloride is potent in impairing learning of an avoidance task in vivo; much higher doses are required to antagonize other central muscarinic effects. This demonstrates its central nervous system activity and selectivity for M1 receptors. Its primary therapeutic effect is the inhibition of gastric acid secretion in the treatment of peptic ulcers. It reduces gastric acid secretion and reduces muscle spasm. The compound's effects on myopia progression have also been investigated in vivo. |
| Enzyme Assay |
M1 muscarinic receptor binding assays are performed using membranes prepared from cells expressing recombinant M1 receptors or from brain tissue (e.g., hippocampus, cerebral cortex). Radioligand binding studies use [3H]-pirenzepine or [3H]-NMS as labeled ligands. Membrane preparations are incubated with varying concentrations of Pirenzepine Dihydrochloride and a fixed concentration of radioligand in binding buffer for 60-120 minutes. Non-specific binding is determined using excess atropine. Bound radioactivity is measured by scintillation counting after filtration through GF/B filters. IC50 and Ki values are calculated by non-linear regression.
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| Cell Assay |
Cell proliferation assay [2]
Cell Types: PC-3 Cell Tested Concentrations: 100-140 μg/mL Incubation Duration: 24 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Inhibited PC-3 cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. Cell migration experiment [2] Cell Types: PC-3 and A549 cells Tested Concentrations: 110 μg/mL Incubation Duration: 24 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Inhibited the migration of PC-3 and A549 cell lines (P=0.014). Cell migration experiment [2] Cell Types: PC-3 cell Tested Concentrations: 110 μg/mL Incubation Duration: 0-24 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Inhibition of the expression of GLI1 and PTCH1. RT-PCR[2] Cell Types: PC-3 cells Tested Concentrations: 100-130 μg/mL Incubation Duration: 24 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: GLI1 mRNA expression was inhibited in PC-3 cells. PTCH1 mRNA levels were increased but did not reach statistical significance. SHH mRNA expression levels did not change. Cellular M1 receptor activity is evaluated in cell lines expressing recombinant M1 muscarinic receptors (e.g., CHO or HEK-293 cells). Cells are cultured in appropriate media and treated with Pirenzepine Dihydrochloride at various concentrations (0.1-100 μM). Functional assays measure receptor-mediated calcium mobilization (using Fluo-4 or Fura-2) or IP3 accumulation. The compound's antagonist activity is assessed by its ability to inhibit acetylcholine-induced calcium responses. Cell viability is assessed using MTT or LDH assays. Each experiment includes known muscarinic antagonists (atropine) and agonists (carbachol) as controls. |
| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: Experimental endotoxemia male C57BL/6 mice [3]
Doses: 0.3 mg/kg Route of Administration: intraperitoneal (ip) injection; 0.3 mg/kg; one-time Experimental Results:improve the survival rate of septic shock caused by LPS. Alleviates LPS-induced lung and liver damage. diminished SOCS3 expression at the mRNA level. In vivo studies are conducted in animal models of gastric acid secretion and peptic ulcer disease. Rats or dogs are administered Pirenzepine Dihydrochloride orally or intravenously. Gastric acid secretion is measured by collection of gastric juice via fistula or by intragastric titration. Ulcer models (e.g., indomethacin-induced or stress-induced ulcers) are used to evaluate anti-ulcer efficacy. For myopia research, animal models (chickens or guinea pigs) are used to assess the compound's effect on axial length and refractive error. Sample sizes typically range from 6-10 animals per group. |
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pirenzepine Dihydrochloride has a molecular weight of 424.33 g/mol and a molecular formula of C19H23Cl2N5O2. Solubility: soluble in water. Storage: typically at room temperature or under recommended conditions. Appearance: white to off-white crystalline powder. As a clinically used drug, its pharmacokinetics are well-characterized: oral bioavailability is limited (approximately 20-30%), it is metabolized in the liver, and excreted renally. Half-life is approximately 10-12 hours.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Pirenzepine Dihydrochloride is generally well-tolerated at therapeutic doses. Common adverse effects may include dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, and urinary retention, though these are less frequent than with non-selective anticholinergics due to its M1 selectivity. It is contraindicated in patients with glaucoma, urinary retention, and severe gastrointestinal obstruction. Standard toxicology studies have demonstrated an acceptable safety profile. It is approved for clinical use in many countries for peptic ulcer disease.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Pirenzepine is a pyridobenzodiazepine. It has anti-ulcer, antimuscarinic, and antispasmodic effects. It is an antimuscarinic drug that inhibits gastric acid secretion at low doses without affecting gastrointestinal motility, salivation, central nervous system, cardiovascular, ocular, or urinary system function. It promotes the healing of duodenal ulcers and, due to its cytoprotective effects, helps prevent recurrence. It can also enhance the efficacy of other anti-ulcer drugs (such as cimetidine and ranitidine). Patients generally tolerate it well. Patients generally tolerate it well. Drug Indications For the treatment of peptic ulcers, gastric ulcers, and duodenal ulcers. Mechanism of Action Pirenzepine is a muscarinic receptor antagonist that binds to muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors mediate various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphatidylinositol, and regulation of potassium channels through the action of G proteins. Pharmacodynamics Pirenzepine belongs to a class of drugs called antispasmodics/anticholinergics. These drugs are used to relieve spasms or cramps in the stomach, intestines, and bladder. Pirenzepine is used to treat duodenal ulcers, gastric ulcers, or intestinal disorders. It can be used in combination with antacids or other medications to treat peptic ulcers. It can also be used to prevent nausea, vomiting, and motion sickness.
Pirenzepine Dihydrochloride is also known as Pirenzepine Hydrochloride and LS519. Its chemical name is 11-[(4-Methylpiperazin-1-yl)acetyl]-5,11-dihydro-6H-pyrido[2,3-b][1,4]benzodiazepin-6-one dihydrochloride. It is a selective M1 muscarinic receptor antagonist used for peptic ulcers, functional dyspepsia, and investigated for myopia progression. It is approved for clinical use in many countries. |
| Molecular Formula |
C19H23CL2N5O2
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| Molecular Weight |
424.3242
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| Exact Mass |
423.122
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| CAS # |
29868-97-1
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| Related CAS # |
Pirenzepine-d8 dihydrochloride;Pirenzepine;28797-61-7;Pirenzepine-d8
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| PubChem CID |
4848
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| Appearance |
White to yellow solid powder
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| Boiling Point |
541.7ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
248-250°C
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| Flash Point |
281.4ºC
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| LogP |
2.807
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
26
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| Complexity |
534
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
RMHMFHUVIITRHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C19H21N5O2/c1-22-9-11-23(12-10-22)13-17(25)24-16-7-3-2-5-14(16)19(26)21-15-6-4-8-20-18(15)24/h2-8H,9-13H2,1H3,(H,21,26)
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| Chemical Name |
11-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)acetyl]-5H-pyrido[2,3-b][1,4]benzodiazepin-6-one
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~75 mg/mL (~176.75 mM)
DMSO : ~25 mg/mL (~58.92 mM) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.3567 mL | 11.7836 mL | 23.5671 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4713 mL | 2.3567 mL | 4.7134 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2357 mL | 1.1784 mL | 2.3567 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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