| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 10mg |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| 500mg | |||
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| Targets |
Pipequaline HCl targets the benzodiazepine binding site of the GABAA receptor complex. It acts as a partial agonist at this site. GABAA receptors are the major inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors in the central nervous system. Positive allosteric modulation of these receptors enhances GABA-mediated inhibition, producing anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, and sedative effects. As a partial agonist, it produces some of these effects with potentially fewer side effects than full agonists.
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| ln Vitro |
Pipequaline HCl demonstrates partial agonist activity at the benzodiazepine binding site of the GABAA receptor in vitro. Its activity is assessed by radioligand binding assays using [3H]-flunitrazepam or other benzodiazepine receptor ligands. Functional assays measure its ability to potentiate GABA-induced chloride currents in electrophysiological recordings (Xenopus oocytes or mammalian cells expressing GABAA receptors). Its intrinsic activity as a partial agonist is characterized by its efficacy relative to full agonists.
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| ln Vivo |
Pipequaline HCl has anxiolytic and anticonvulsant activity in vivo. It was developed as an anxiolytic drug but was never marketed. Its effects have been studied in animal models of anxiety and seizure. It produces anxiolytic effects with potentially fewer side effects than full benzodiazepine agonists due to its partial agonist activity.
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| Enzyme Assay |
GABAA receptor benzodiazepine binding assays are performed using membranes prepared from rat brain or from cells expressing recombinant GABAA receptors. Radioligand binding studies use [3H]-flunitrazepam or [3H]-Ro15-1788 as labeled ligands. Membrane preparations are incubated with varying concentrations of Pipequaline HCl and a fixed concentration of radioligand in binding buffer for 60-120 minutes. Non-specific binding is determined using excess diazepam or flumazenil. Bound radioactivity is measured by scintillation counting after filtration. IC50 and Ki values are calculated by non-linear regression.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular GABAA receptor modulation is evaluated in cell lines expressing recombinant GABAA receptors (e.g., HEK-293 cells transfected with α1β2γ2 subunits). Cells are cultured in appropriate media and treated with Pipequaline HCl at various concentrations (0.1-100 µM). GABA-induced chloride currents are recorded using patch-clamp electrophysiology. Potentiation of GABA responses by Pipequaline HCl is quantified as a percentage increase over control. Cell viability is assessed using MTT or LDH assays. Each experiment includes known benzodiazepine agonists (e.g., diazepam) and antagonists (e.g., flumazenil) as controls.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo studies are conducted in rodent models of anxiety (elevated plus maze, open field test) and seizure (pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure model). Pipequaline HCl is administered orally or intraperitoneally at doses determined by preclinical studies. Anxiolytic effects are assessed by increased time in open arms of the elevated plus maze. Anticonvulsant effects are assessed by increased seizure threshold. Sample sizes typically range from 8-12 animals per group.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pipequaline HCl has a molecular weight of 352.90 g/mol and a molecular formula of C22H25ClN2. Chemical name: 2-Phenyl-4-(2-(piperidin-4-yl)ethyl)quinoline hydrochloride. Purity: typically ≥98%. Solubility: DMSO. Storage: typically at -20°C. Bioavailability, half-life, and tissue distribution data are available from preclinical studies.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Pipequaline HCl has been evaluated in preclinical and clinical studies for anxiety. It is generally well-tolerated at therapeutic doses. Common adverse effects may include sedation, dizziness, and cognitive impairment, though potentially less than full benzodiazepine agonists. It was never marketed. Standard toxicology studies have demonstrated an acceptable safety profile.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Pipequaline HCl is also known as PK-8165 hydrochloride. It is a quinoline-derived small molecule that functions as a partial agonist at the benzodiazepine binding site of the GABAA receptor complex. It has anxiolytic and anticonvulsant activity but was never marketed. No regulatory approvals have been reported.
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| Molecular Formula |
C22H24N2.HCL
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
352.9003
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| Exact Mass |
352.171
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| CAS # |
80221-58-5
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| Related CAS # |
Pipequaline;77472-98-1
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| PubChem CID |
3062086
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| Appearance |
Off-white to light yellow solid
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| Boiling Point |
489.2ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
249.7ºC
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| LogP |
5.964
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
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| Heavy Atom Count |
25
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| Complexity |
370
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
Cl.N1C(C2C=CC=CC=2)=CC(CCC2CCNCC2)=C2C=1C=CC=C2
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| InChi Key |
JWEMPGHGMSUJIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C22H24N2.ClH/c1-2-6-18(7-3-1)22-16-19(11-10-17-12-14-23-15-13-17)20-8-4-5-9-21(20)24-22;/h1-9,16-17,23H,10-15H2;1H
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| Chemical Name |
2-phenyl-4-(2-piperidin-4-ylethyl)quinoline;hydrochloride
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.8337 mL | 14.1683 mL | 28.3366 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5667 mL | 2.8337 mL | 5.6673 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2834 mL | 1.4168 mL | 2.8337 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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