| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 25g |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Phenol Red sodium salt does not have a specific pharmacological target. As a pH indicator, it is used for monitoring pH changes rather than modulating biological pathways. The compound's color change is based on the protonation and deprotonation of its phenolic hydroxyl groups, which alters the compound's electronic structure and absorption spectrum. In acidic conditions (pH < 6.8), the compound is predominantly in the protonated form and appears yellow. In neutral to basic conditions (pH > 8.2), the compound is deprotonated and appears red to fuchsia. The compound's pKa of approximately 7.9 makes it ideal for monitoring pH in the physiological range relevant to cell culture and biological research.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Phenol Red sodium salt is used as a pH indicator in cell culture media. It allows for visual monitoring of pH changes, which is important for maintaining optimal cell growth conditions. The compound's color change from yellow to red over the pH range of 6.8 to 8.2 provides a quick and easy way to assess the pH of cell culture media. Under normal cell culture conditions, the media appears red-pink, while acidic conditions (due to cell metabolism or contamination) cause the media to turn yellow, and basic conditions cause it to turn more purple or fuchsia. The compound is also used in various analytical applications as a pH indicator for titrations and other chemical analyses.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Phenol Red sodium salt is not used as a therapeutic agent. It is used in diagnostic and analytical applications. The compound can be administered to animals for studies of renal function, as it is excreted in the urine and can be used as a marker of renal clearance. However, its primary use remains in vitro as a pH indicator in cell culture and biochemical research.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For non-cellular assays, Phenol Red sodium salt is used as a pH indicator in various analytical applications. The compound's absorbance spectrum changes with pH, allowing for spectrophotometric determination of pH. The compound's color change can be monitored visually or using a spectrophotometer at appropriate wavelengths. The compound can be used to prepare pH standards and buffers. Its purity and performance characteristics can be assessed using spectrophotometric methods.
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| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cell-based assays, Phenol Red sodium salt is added to cell culture media as a pH indicator. The compound's color provides a visual indication of the pH of the media, allowing researchers to quickly assess whether the media is within the optimal pH range for cell growth (typically pH 7.2-7.4). The compound's concentration in cell culture media is typically low (around 10-20 mg/L) to minimize any potential effects on cell growth or experimental outcomes. However, some studies have reported that phenol red can have estrogenic effects in certain cell types due to its structural similarity to estrogens, and alternative pH indicators may be used in such cases.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo animal studies, Phenol Red sodium salt is not typically used as a therapeutic agent. However, it can be used as a marker for renal function, as it is excreted in the urine and its clearance can be measured. The compound can be administered intravenously or orally, and its concentration in plasma and urine can be measured spectrophotometrically.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
The pharmacokinetic properties of Phenol Red sodium salt include a molecular weight of 376.358 g/mol and a molecular formula of C₁₉H₁₃NaO₅S. The compound is water-soluble and appears as a dark red to brown powder. It is soluble in water, with a 0.1% solution in water being clear. The compound exhibits a visual transition interval from pH 6.8 (yellow) to pH 8.2 (red). The compound should be stored under appropriate conditions, protected from light and moisture.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Phenol Red sodium salt is generally considered safe at the concentrations used for pH monitoring in cell culture and analytical applications. No significant toxicity has been reported at typical usage levels. However, the compound can have estrogenic effects in some cell types due to its structural similarity to estrogens, which may affect experimental outcomes in certain studies. The compound is not intended for human use.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Phenol Red sodium salt is a water-soluble pH indicator used in the range from pH 6.8 (yellow) to pH 8.2 (red). It is commonly employed as a cell tissue culture pH marker. The compound's color change is based on the protonation and deprotonation of its phenolic hydroxyl groups. It is also known as phenolsulfonphthalein sodium salt. The compound is widely used in biological and chemical research as a pH indicator. It is not currently approved for clinical use and is available only for research purposes.
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| Molecular Formula |
C19H13NAO5S
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
376.3583
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| Exact Mass |
375.03
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| CAS # |
34487-61-1
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| Related CAS # |
Phenol Red;143-74-8
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| PubChem CID |
23686673
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| Appearance |
Red to black solid powder
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| Density |
0.972
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| Boiling Point |
562.8ºC at 760mmHg
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| Melting Point |
285 °C (dec.)(lit.)
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| Flash Point |
294.2ºC
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| LogP |
4.627
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
26
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| Complexity |
575
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
HKHYOKBQJILTEI-UHFFFAOYSA-M
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C19H14O5S.Na/c20-15-9-5-13(6-10-15)19(14-7-11-16(21)12-8-14)17-3-1-2-4-18(17)25(22,23)24-19;/h1-12,20-21H;/q;+1/p-1
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| Chemical Name |
sodium;4-[3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1-dioxo-2,1λ6-benzoxathiol-3-yl]phenolate
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~5 mg/mL (~13.29 mM)
H2O : < 0.1 mg/mL |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.6570 mL | 13.2852 mL | 26.5703 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5314 mL | 2.6570 mL | 5.3141 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2657 mL | 1.3285 mL | 2.6570 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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