| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| Other Sizes |
Purity: Assay=99.10%
| Targets |
As a labeled fatty acid, Palmitic acid-d4-1 does not have a specific pharmacological target. Palmitic acid is a major saturated fatty acid involved in energy metabolism, membrane structure, and signaling. It can induce the expression of GRP78 and CHOP in mouse granulosa cells. The deuterated form is used to study lipid metabolism and fatty acid dynamics.
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| ln Vitro |
Stable heavy isotopes of hydrogen, carbon and other elements have been incorporated into drug molecules, primarily as quantitative tracers during drug development. Deuteration is of concern because of its possible impact on the pharmacokinetics and metabolic characteristics of drugs [1].
Palmitic acid-d4-1 is used in vitro as a tracer to study fatty acid metabolism and lipid dynamics. The compound is added to cell culture media to track fatty acid uptake, incorporation into lipids, and metabolic fate. It does not exhibit intrinsic pharmacological activity but serves as a quantitative tool for studying cellular lipid metabolism. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Palmitic acid-d4-1 is used in metabolic studies to trace palmitic acid absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. The deuterium label allows for precise quantification of the compound and its metabolites in biological fluids and tissues using mass spectrometry. It is a valuable tool in metabolic studies for elucidating lipid metabolism and investigating related disorders.
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| Enzyme Assay |
As an analytical standard, Palmitic acid-d4-1 is used in lipidomics and fatty acid analysis. Typical protocols involve spiking the labeled compound into samples prior to extraction and analysis by GC-MS or LC-MS. The compound serves as an internal standard to correct for matrix effects and instrument variability.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell culture experiments using Palmitic acid-d4-1 involve treating cells with the labeled fatty acid and analyzing its uptake and metabolism by mass spectrometry. The compound can be used to study lipid metabolism, fatty acid oxidation, and the effects of palmitic acid on cellular stress pathways such as GRP78 and CHOP expression.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies using Palmitic acid-d4-1 involve administering the compound to rodents via oral gavage or intravenous injection. Blood samples are collected at various time points, and the concentration of the labeled compound is measured by mass spectrometry. Tissue distribution and metabolic profiling can also be performed.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Palmitic acid-d4-1 exhibits pharmacokinetic properties similar to those of unlabeled palmitic acid. As a long-chain fatty acid, it is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, incorporated into chylomicrons, and distributed throughout the body. It is metabolized via beta-oxidation in mitochondria. The deuterium label provides a distinct mass shift for analytical detection.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Palmitic acid-d4-1 is considered safe for research use at typical concentrations. Palmitic acid is a naturally occurring fatty acid with a well-established safety profile. The compound is stable under recommended storage conditions. As a stable isotope-labeled compound, it is not intended for therapeutic use and is handled under standard laboratory safety practices.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Palmitic acid-d4-1 has a molecular formula of C₁₆H₂₈D₄O₂ and a molecular weight of 260.45. Isotopic enrichment is typically 98 atom% D. Purity is typically ≥98%. The compound is stored at room temperature and is primarily used as an internal standard for mass spectrometry-based quantification of palmitic acid in lipidomics and metabolic studies.
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| Molecular Formula |
C16H32O2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
256.42408
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| Exact Mass |
260.265
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| CAS # |
75736-47-9
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| Related CAS # |
Palmitic acid;57-10-3
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| PubChem CID |
90475915
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| LogP |
5.552
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
14
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| Heavy Atom Count |
18
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| Complexity |
178
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
[2H]C([2H])(CCCCCCCCCC)C([2H])([2H])CCCC(=O)O
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| InChi Key |
IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-AREBVXNXSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C16H32O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16(17)18/h2-15H2,1H3,(H,17,18)/i11D2,12D2
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| Chemical Name |
5,5,6,6-tetradeuteriohexadecanoic acid
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| Synonyms |
Palmitic acid-d4-1; 75736-47-9; HEXADECANOIC-5,5,6,6-D4 ACID; 5,5,6,6-Tetradeuteriohexadecanoic acid; orb3138497;
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~20 mg/mL (76.8 mM)
DMF: ~20 mg/mL (76.8 mM) Ethanol: ~30 mg/mL (115.2 mM) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.8999 mL | 19.4993 mL | 38.9985 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.7800 mL | 3.8999 mL | 7.7997 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3900 mL | 1.9499 mL | 3.8999 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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