Biological buffer; zwitterionic buffer
MOPSO sodium does not have a specific pharmacological target as it is a biological buffer rather than a drug. Its function is to maintain stable pH conditions in biochemical and cell biology experiments. As a zwitterionic compound, MOPSO sodium acts as both a proton donor and acceptor to stabilize pH in the range of 6.2 to 7.6. The buffer's improved solubility compared to traditional Good's buffers makes it suitable for various applications. MOPSO sodium is used in cell culture media to maintain physiological pH for cell growth. In biopharmaceutical applications, it is used in both upstream and downstream buffer formulations. The compound is also used as a diagnostic reagent. Its zwitterionic nature ensures minimal interference with biological processes.

The buffers 4-morpholinepropanesulfonic acid (MOPS) and 3-morpholino-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid (MOPSO) are useful biological zwitterionic buffers within the pH range of 6.5 to 7.9 and 6.2 to 7.6, respectively. The solubilities of these buffers were determined in binary mixtures (1,4-dioxane + water) and (ethanol + water) at T = 298.15 K by using the results of density measurements. It has been observed that MOPS induced liquid–liquid phase splitting for the mixtures of 40% to 90% (w/w) 1,4-dioxane in water. The two-liquid phase formation was visualized with disperse orange 25. The phase equilibrium boundaries, including the regions of one liquid, two liquids, (one liquid + one solid) and (two liquids + one solid), for the (MOPS + water + 1,4-dioxane) system have been determined experimentally at T = 298.15 K. The tie lines of the (liquid + liquid) equilibrium were also measured. The Othmer–Tobias and Bancroft equation were used to evaluate the reliability of the tie-line data. The binodal curve was fitted to an empirical equation and the effective excluded volume (EEV) model. The apparent free energies of transfer () of MOPS and MOPSO from water to 1,4-dioxane and ethanol solutions have been calculated from the solubility data. These values were compared with those of some related biological buffers (TRIS, TAPS, TAPSO, and TABS). Furthermore, we also calculated the contribution of transfer free energies () of –OH group from water to 1,4-dioxane and ethanol solutions[1].
In vitro, MOPSO sodium is used as a buffering agent in various biochemical and cell biology applications. The effective buffering range is pH 6.2 to 7.6. The buffer is commonly used in cell culture media to maintain pH for cell growth. In enzyme activity assays, MOPSO sodium provides stable pH conditions for optimal enzyme function. In protein purification, the buffer is used in various chromatographic steps. The compound has been used as a buffer component in charcoal yeast extract medium. MOPSO sodium exhibits improved solubility compared to traditional Good's buffers, allowing for preparation of concentrated stock solutions. The compound's zwitterionic nature ensures minimal interference with biological processes. It is also used in diagnostic reagent formulations.

MOPSO sodium is not used as a therapeutic agent and has no established in vivo pharmacological activity. Its primary application is as a laboratory buffer for in vitro experiments and biopharmaceutical formulations. The compound is used in cell culture media for maintaining pH in cell culture applications. In biopharmaceutical manufacturing, MOPSO sodium is used in upstream and downstream buffer formulations. The compound is also used in diagnostic reagent formulations. MOPSO sodium is not administered to animals for therapeutic purposes but is used in the preparation of solutions for biological experiments. Its role is limited to maintaining pH homeostasis in experimental systems rather than exerting any direct biological effect. The compound is available as a biochemical reagent.

In vitro experiments using MOPSO sodium involve preparing buffer solutions at the desired pH (range 6.2-7.6) by dissolving the appropriate amount of MOPSO sodium in deionized water. The buffer is typically used at concentrations of 10-50 mM depending on the application. For cell culture applications, MOPSO sodium is added to culture media at 10-25 mM to maintain pH 6.2-7.6. For enzyme assays, MOPSO buffer is used to prepare substrate solutions and reaction mixtures. The buffer's improved solubility allows for preparation of concentrated stock solutions. For biopharmaceutical applications, the buffer is used in various chromatographic steps. The compound's zwitterionic nature ensures minimal interference with biological processes. The buffer is also used in diagnostic reagent formulations. The compound is stored at room temperature.

In vitro cell-based assays using MOPSO sodium involve its incorporation into cell culture media to maintain physiological pH. The compound is dissolved in cell culture medium at concentrations of 10-25 mM, and the pH is adjusted to 6.2-7.6. Cells are cultured in MOPSO-buffered media under standard conditions. The buffer's improved solubility and zwitterionic nature ensure minimal interference with cell growth and function. MOPSO sodium has been used as a buffer component in charcoal yeast extract medium. The buffer is compatible with most cell types and does not affect cell viability at standard concentrations. For studies requiring precise pH control in the slightly acidic to neutral range, MOPSO sodium provides effective buffering. The compound is also used in diagnostic reagent formulations.

In vivo animal experiments using MOPSO sodium are not typical as the compound is a research buffer rather than a therapeutic agent. However, MOPSO-buffered solutions may be used in animal studies for the administration of other compounds where pH control is critical. When used in animal studies, MOPSO sodium would be formulated as a buffered saline solution for injection or oral administration. The compound's primary role is to maintain pH stability in administered solutions rather than to exert any pharmacological effect. Researchers may use MOPSO-buffered solutions in animal experiments where pH control is essential for the stability of co-administered compounds or for maintaining physiological conditions during procedures. The buffer's compatibility with biological systems makes it suitable for such applications.

As a biological buffer, MOPSO sodium does not have established pharmacokinetic properties such as absorption, distribution, metabolism, or excretion. When used in in vitro experiments, the compound remains in the buffer solution and does not undergo metabolic transformation. In cell culture applications, MOPSO sodium helps maintain extracellular pH without being significantly taken up by cells. The compound's zwitterionic nature and low cell membrane permeability limit its cellular uptake. MOPSO sodium has improved solubility compared to traditional Good's buffers, allowing for preparation of concentrated stock solutions. For long-term storage, the compound is kept at room temperature in a dry place. The buffer's effective range is pH 6.2 to 7.6, and it is stable under normal storage conditions.

MOPSO sodium is generally considered to have low toxicity as a biological buffer. The compound is not intended for human or veterinary use and is classified for research purposes only. Safety data sheets indicate that standard laboratory handling precautions should be followed, including the use of appropriate personal protective equipment. The compound is stable under normal storage conditions. Acute toxicity data are limited, but as a zwitterionic sulfonic acid buffer, it is not expected to be highly toxic. In cell culture applications, MOPSO sodium is used at concentrations that are compatible with cell viability and growth. The compound is not classified as a hazardous substance under standard regulatory criteria. Safety data sheets recommend standard handling procedures for research chemicals.

[1]. Acetylcholinesterase based detection of residual pesticides on cotton. American Journal of Analytical Chemistry. 2012 Jan 12;3(2):93-8.

3-(n-morpholino)-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid is a type of morpholino compound.
Solubility determination[1]
The solubility of MOPS and MOPSO in water, aqueous solution of 1,4-dioxane and aqueous solution of ethanol was determined using [1].
Results and discussion[1]
Tables 1 and 2 list the density values ρ of MOPS and MOPSO in aqueous solution of water, aqueous solution of 1,4-dioxane and aqueous solution of ethanol (up to saturation) at T = 298.15 K. For MOPSO, organic solvent concentrations were in 10% (w/w) intervals, ranging from 0% to 80% (w/w) of 1,4-dioxane or ethanol solutions; for MOPS, ethanol concentrations were in 0% to 90% (w/w) of 1,4-dioxane solutions; for MOPSO, 1,4-dioxane concentrations were in 10% (w/w) intervals, ranging from 0% to 30% (w/w) of 1,4-dioxane solutions. The solubility limits of MOPS and MOPSO in water and aqueous solutions of 1,4-dioxane and ethanol were determined by density method. [1] Conclusion [1] The solubility limits of MOPS and MOPSO in mixed solvents of (1,4-dioxane + water) and (ethanol + water) at T = 298.15 K were determined by density measurement. Solubility generally decreased with increasing concentrations of 1,4-dioxane and ethanol. MOPS has higher solubility in water and binary solutions than MOPSO, and this solubility decreases with increasing concentrations of 1,4-dioxane and ethanol. MOPS exhibits liquid-liquid phase separation at a concentration of 40% [1].
MOPSO sodium (CAS 79803-73-9) is a zwitterionic biological buffer belonging to the second generation of Good's buffers. It has the molecular formula C7H14NNaO5S and a molecular weight of 247.24 g/mol. The compound is also known as MOPSO sodium salt, sodium 2-hydroxy-3-morpholinopropane-1-sulfonate, and 3-Morpholino-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid sodium salt. MOPSO sodium is structurally similar to MOPS (3-morpholinopropanesulfonic acid) but differs by the presence of a hydroxyl group at the C-2 position of the propane moiety. The effective buffering range is pH 6.2 to 7.6. MOPSO sodium exhibits improved solubility compared to traditional Good's buffers. It is commonly used in cell culture media, biopharmaceutical buffer formulations (both upstream and downstream), and diagnostic reagents. The compound has been used as a buffer component in charcoal yeast extract medium. It is a member of morpholines and is a zwitterionic aminosulfonate buffer. The compound is available as a biochemical reagent.

C7H14NNAO5S

247.2445

247.049

79803-73-9

MOPSO;68399-77-9

23675131

White to off-white solid powder

1

6

4

15

259

0

[Na].O=S(CC(CN1CCOCC1)O)(O)=O

WSFQLUVWDKCYSW-UHFFFAOYSA-M

InChI=1S/C7H15NO5S.Na/c9-7(6-14(10,11)12)5-8-1-3-13-4-2-8;/h7,9H,1-6H2,(H,10,11,12);/q;+1/p-1

sodium;2-hydroxy-3-morpholin-4-ylpropane-1-sulfonate

MOPSO sodium salt; Sodium 2-hydroxy-3-morpholinopropane-1-sulfonate; 3-Morpholino-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid sodium salt; MOPSO (sodium); MFCD00070007; sodium;2-hydroxy-3-morpholin-4-ylpropane-1-sulfonate; sodium 2-hydroxy-3-(morpholin-4-yl)propane-1-sulfonate;

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture.

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

DMSO : ~25 mg/mL (~101.12 mM)

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.

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Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)
*Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil)
Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).

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Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)]
*Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline
Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil)
Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)

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Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium)
Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).

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Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400
Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders

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Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.

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 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)