| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5g |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Levofloxacin HCl targets bacterial DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II) and topoisomerase IV. These enzymes are essential for bacterial DNA replication and transcription. By inhibiting these enzymes, Levofloxacin prevents DNA supercoiling and replication, leading to bacterial cell death. Its selectivity for bacterial enzymes over mammalian counterparts contributes to its antimicrobial activity.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Levofloxacin HCl has broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It is a potent inhibitor of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. Specific MIC values for various bacterial strains are not provided in the available sources. Its activity is characterized in standard antimicrobial susceptibility tests.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Levofloxacin HCl is used clinically to treat a variety of bacterial infections, including pneumonia, chronic bronchitis, sinusitis, and skin infections. It is an orally active antibiotic. Its efficacy has been established in numerous clinical trials and through extensive clinical use.
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| Enzyme Assay |
A cell-free assay for Levofloxacin HCl would involve measuring its inhibition of DNA gyrase or topoisomerase IV enzymatic activity. In these assays, the enzyme is incubated with a DNA substrate and ATP in the presence of varying concentrations of the compound. The relaxation or supercoiling of DNA is measured, and IC50 values are calculated. Specific IC50 values are not provided.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays for Levofloxacin HCl typically involve assessing its antibacterial activity against bacterial cultures. Bacteria are incubated with varying concentrations of the compound, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is determined. This is a standard method for evaluating the potency of antimicrobial agents.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments for Levofloxacin HCl are not described in the available sources. As a clinically used drug, its efficacy and safety have been established in human studies. Preclinical studies in animal models of infection likely contributed to its development, but specific protocols and data are not provided.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Levofloxacin HCl is an orally bioactive antibiotic. It is well absorbed after oral administration and has good tissue penetration. It is metabolized in the liver and excreted in the urine. Its half-life is approximately 6-8 hours. Specific PK parameters are not provided.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicity data for Levofloxacin HCl are not detailed in the available sources. As a clinically used drug, its safety profile is established. Common adverse effects include gastrointestinal disturbances, central nervous system effects, and tendonitis. Specific toxicological information is not provided.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Levofloxacin HCl (CAS: 177325-13-2) is a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic. It is the L-isomer of ofloxacin and is also known as S-(-)-Ofloxacin hydrochloride. It inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. It is used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections, including pneumonia, bronchitis, sinusitis, and skin infections. Its molecular formula is C18H20FN3O4·HCl and its molecular weight is 397.83.
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| Molecular Formula |
C18H21CLFN3O4
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
397.8284
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| Exact Mass |
397.12
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| CAS # |
177325-13-2
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| Related CAS # |
Levofloxacin;100986-85-4;Levofloxacin hydrate;138199-71-0;Levofloxacin-d8 hydrochloride;2699607-50-4;(R)-Ofloxacin;100986-86-5
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| PubChem CID |
9908810
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Boiling Point |
571.5ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
299.4ºC
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| Vapour Pressure |
6.7E-14mmHg at 25°C
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| LogP |
2.348
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
8
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
27
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| Complexity |
634
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
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| SMILES |
C[C@H]1COC2=C3N1C=C(C(=O)C3=CC(=C2N4CCN(CC4)C)F)C(=O)O.Cl
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| InChi Key |
CAOOISJXWZMLBN-PPHPATTJSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C18H20FN3O4.ClH/c1-10-9-26-17-14-11(16(23)12(18(24)25)8-22(10)14)7-13(19)15(17)21-5-3-20(2)4-6-21;/h7-8,10H,3-6,9H2,1-2H3,(H,24,25);1H/t10-;/m0./s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S)-7-fluoro-2-methyl-6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-10-oxo-4-oxa-1-azatricyclo[7.3.1.05,13]trideca-5(13),6,8,11-tetraene-11-carboxylic acid;hydrochloride
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.5136 mL | 12.5682 mL | 25.1364 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5027 mL | 2.5136 mL | 5.0273 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2514 mL | 1.2568 mL | 2.5136 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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