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|---|---|---|
| 100mg | ||
| 250mg | ||
| 500mg |
| ln Vitro |
Levobupivacaine (0–4 mM; 24 hours) decreases the vitality of HGC27 and SGC7901 cells but has no effect on GES-1 cell viability [2]. Levobupivacaine (2 mM; 24, 48, or 72 hours) increases the levels of iron, Fe2+, and lipid ROS while amplifying the effects of Erastin-induced reduction of HGC27 and SGC7901 cell viability [2]. Levobupivacaine (2 mM; 24 h) raises Fe2+ and iron levels in HGC27 and SGC7901 cells while also enhancing the expression of miR-489-3p [2].
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| ln Vivo |
Levobupivacaine (40 μmol/kg; IP; once daily for 25 days) substantially reduces the development of SGC7901 cells and increases the buildup of lipid reactive oxygen species [2]. At low dosages, levofloxacin (5 or 36 mg/kg; IP; single dose) prolongs the latency of partial seizures and delays the start of generalized seizures; at high doses, it decreases the latency of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-induced seizures and intensifies them [3].
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| Cell Assay |
Cell viability assay [2]
Cell Types: GES-1, HGC27 and SGC790 Tested Concentrations: 0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mM Incubation Duration: 24 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Does not affect the viability of normal gastric epithelial GES-1 cell line, but Inhibits the viability of HGC27 and SGC7901 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Cell viability assay [2] Cell Types: HGC27 and SGC7901 (incubated with 5 μMerastin) Tested Concentrations: 2 mM Incubation Duration: 24, 48 or 72 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Enhanced erastin-induced inhibition of HGC27 and SGC7901 cell viability; induced Fe2+ , iron and lipid ROS levels. RT-PCR[2] Cell Types: HGC27 and SGC7901 (incubated with 5 μMerastin) Tested Concentrations: 2 mM Incubation Duration: 24 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Enhanced expression of miR-489-3p, increased Fe2+ levels and iron in HGC27 and SGC7901 cells. |
| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: CD1 mice (30-35g; seizures induced by injection of NMDA) [3]
Doses: 5 or 36 mg/kg Route of Administration: IP; single dose Experimental Results: 5 mg/kg increased partial seizure latency and Prevents generalized seizures; 36 mg/kg dose shortens NMDA-induced seizure latency and increases seizure severity. Animal/Disease Models: SCID nude mice (6-8 weeks; 5×106 SGC7901 cells injected subcutaneously (sc) (sc)) [2] Doses: 40 μmol/kg Route of Administration: IP; one time/day for 25 days. Experimental Results: Dramatically inhibited the growth of SGC7901 cells. , and enhance lipid ROS accumulation. |
| References |
[1]. Sanford M, et al. Levobupivacaine: a review of its use in regional anaesthesia and pain management. Drugs. 2010 Apr 16;70(6):761-91.
[2]. Mao SH, et al. Levobupivacaine Induces Ferroptosis by miR-489-3p/SLC7A11 Signaling in Gastric Cancer. Front Pharmacol. 2021 Jun 9;12:681338. [3]. Marganella C, et al. Comparative effects of levobupivacaine and racemic bupivacaine on excitotoxic neuronal death in culture and N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced seizures in mice. Eur J Pharmacol. 2005 Aug 22;518(2-3):111-5. |
| Molecular Formula |
C18H28N2O
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
288.43
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| CAS # |
27262-47-1
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| Related CAS # |
Levobupivacaine hydrochloride;27262-48-2
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| SMILES |
CCCCN1CCCC[C@H]1C(NC2=C(C=CC=C2C)C)=O
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
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| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.4670 mL | 17.3352 mL | 34.6705 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6934 mL | 3.4670 mL | 6.9341 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3467 mL | 1.7335 mL | 3.4670 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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