| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| 250mg |
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| 500mg |
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| 1g |
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Purity: ≥98%
Levobupivacaine HCl [also known as (S)-(-)-Bupivacaine; Chirocaine, Novabupi], the hydrochloride salt of Levobupivacaine which is the pure S(-)-enantiomer of bupivacaine, is a reversible neuronal sodium channel inhibitor. Levobupivacaine has been used as a long-acting local anesthetic. Levobupivacaine is an amide-type local anaesthetic that acts via blockade of voltage-sensitive ion channels in neuronal membranes, preventing transmission of nerve impulses.
| ln Vitro |
Levobupivacaine (0–4 mM; 24 h) inhibits the viability of HGC27 and SGC7901 cells but has no effect on GES-1 cell viability[2]. Levobupivacaine (2 mM; 24, 48, or 72 h) increases the inhibitory effect of Erastin on the viability of HGC27 and SGC7901 cells; it also raises the levels of iron, Fe2+, and lipid reactive oxygen species[2]. Levobupivacaine (2 mM; 24 h) raises the levels of iron and Fe2+ in HGC27 and SGC7901 cells and improves the expression of miR-489-3p[2].
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| ln Vivo |
Levobupivacaine (40 μmol/kg; IP; once daily for 25 days) increases the buildup of lipid ROS while markedly inhibiting the development of SGC7901 cells[2]. When used in small doses, levofloxacin (5 or 36 mg/kg; IP; single dosage) prolongs the latency to partial seizures and inhibits the onset of generalized seizures; when used in large doses, it shortens the latency to N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-induced seizures and intensifies seizures[3].
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| Cell Assay |
Cell Viability Assay[2]
Cell Types: GES-1, HGC27 and SGC790 Tested Concentrations: 0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mM Incubation Duration: 24 h Experimental Results: Did not affect the viability of normal gastric epithelial GES-1 cell lines but inhibited the viability of HGC27 and SGC7901 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Cell Viability Assay[2] Cell Types: HGC27 and SGC7901 (incubated with 5 μM erastin) Tested Concentrations: 2 mM Incubation Duration: 24, 48 or 72 h Experimental Results: Enhanced erastin-induced inhibitory impact on HGC27 and SGC7901 cell viabilities; induced the levels of Fe2+, iron, and lipid ROS. RT-PCR[2] Cell Types: HGC27 and SGC7901 (incubated with 5 μM erastin) Tested Concentrations: 2 mM Incubation Duration: 24 h Experimental Results: Enhanced the expression of miR-489-3p in HGC27 and SGC7901 cells, increased the levels of Fe2+ and iron. |
| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: CD1 mice (30-35 g ; induced epileptic seizures by injecting with NMDA)[3]
Doses: 5 or 36 mg/kg Route of Administration: IP; single dosage Experimental Results: Increased the latency to partial seizures and prevented the occurrence of generalized seizures at 5 mg/kg; decreased the latency to NMDA-induced seizures and increased seizure severity at 36 mg/kg. Animal/Disease Models: SCID nude mice (6-8 weeks; subcutaneously (sc) injected with 5×106 SGC7901 cells)[2] Doses: 40 μmol/kg Route of Administration: IP; one time/day for 25 days Experimental Results: Dramatically inhibited SGC7901 cell growth, and enhanced the lipid ROS accumulation. |
| References |
[1]. Sanford M, et al. Levobupivacaine: a review of its use in regional anaesthesia and pain management. Drugs. 2010 Apr 16;70(6):761-91.
[2]. Mao SH, et al. Levobupivacaine Induces Ferroptosis by miR-489-3p/SLC7A11 Signaling in Gastric Cancer. Front Pharmacol. 2021 Jun 9;12:681338. [3]. Marganella C, et al. Comparative effects of levobupivacaine and racemic bupivacaine on excitotoxic neuronal death in culture and N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced seizures in mice. Eur J Pharmacol. 2005 Aug 22;518(2-3):111-5. |
| Molecular Formula |
C18H28N2O.HCL
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| Molecular Weight |
324.89
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| CAS # |
27262-48-2
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| Related CAS # |
Levobupivacaine;27262-47-1
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| SMILES |
Cl[H].O=C([C@]1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])N1C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H])N([H])C1C(C([H])([H])[H])=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C=1C([H])([H])[H]
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| InChi Key |
SIEYLFHKZGLBNX-NTISSMGPSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C18H28N2O.ClH/c1-4-5-12-20-13-7-6-11-16(20)18(21)19-17-14(2)9-8-10-15(17)3;/h8-10,16H,4-7,11-13H2,1-3H3,(H,19,21);1H/t16-;/m0./s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S)-1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide hydrochloride
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| Synonyms |
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
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| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 3 mg/mL (9.23 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 30.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 3 mg/mL (9.23 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 30.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.0780 mL | 15.3898 mL | 30.7796 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6156 mL | 3.0780 mL | 6.1559 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3078 mL | 1.5390 mL | 3.0780 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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