Toxicity Summary
Identification and Uses: L-(+)-diammonium tartrate forms crystals or white granules. It is used in the textile industry. It is also suitable for clinical dosing using electron spin resonance (ESR). Human Studies: After chemical burns, application of a 10% solution at pH 7 to the eyes of patients did not appear to cause any known additional damage, but the treatment process was painful, especially when the solution decomposed and was no longer neutral. Animal Studies: A 10% solution is not entirely harmless. Continuous application of this solution at pH 7 to the eyes of rabbits for 30 minutes after mechanical epithelial removal did not cause permanent damage, but resulted in corneal edema lasting for several days. Non-Human Toxicity Values Rabbit Intravenous LD50: 113 mg/kg Rabbit Subcutaneous LD50: 1130 mg/kg

[1]. Growth, molecular structure, NBO analysis and vibrational spectral analysis of l-tartaric acid single crystal. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2014 Apr 5;123:127-41.

[2]. L-tartaric acid synthesis from vitamin C in higher plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Apr 4;103(14):5608-13.

[3]. L-Tartaric Acid Exhibits Antihypertensive and Vasorelaxant Effects: The Possible Role of eNOS/NO/cGMP Pathways. Cardiovasc Hematol Agents Med Chem. 2023;21(3):202-212.

[4]. Re-evaluation of l(+)-tartaric acid (E 334), sodium tartrates (E 335), potassium tartrates (E 336), potassium sodium tartrate (E 337) and calcium tartrate (E 354) as food additives. EFSA J. 2020 Mar 11;18(3):e06030.

Ammonium tartrate is a white crystalline solid, readily soluble in water. Its main hazard lies in its environmental threat. Immediate measures should be taken to limit its environmental spread. It is used in the manufacture of textiles and in the pharmaceutical industry.

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Therapeutic Uses
/EXPL THER/ This study aimed to find an ESR dosimeter material with a signal intensity higher than that of alanine for use in clinical dose ranges (approximately 0.1–20 Gy). The signal intensity, radical stability, dose response, and dose resolution of ammonium tartrate were investigated. The results showed that the ESR signal intensity of ammonium tartrate was more than twice that of alanine. Data indicated that unstable radiation-induced radicals initially contributed to the ESR signal; after several hours, it transformed into a slowly decaying secondary radical, which could be considered stable within the first two weeks after irradiation. Within the studied dose range of 0.5–4000 Gy, ammonium tartrate exhibited a linear dose response with a dose resolution of 0.1 Gy at a 0.5 Gy dose level, compared to a corresponding value of 0.3 Gy for alanine. Therefore, we believe this substance is suitable for clinical dosimetry. This paper investigates the suitability of the crystalline substance ammonium tartrate as a material for clinical dosimetry. The properties studied include: radical stability at clinically relevant absorbed doses, the increase in sensitivity after deuteration of the crystal, and linear electron transfer (LET) dependence. Following photon irradiation at a 20 Gy absorbed dose, the signal increased rapidly within the first 6 hours. Thereafter, the change was slower and could be corrected for. The signal-to-noise ratio of irradiated ammonium tartrate was twice that of the corresponding value for alanine. Deuteration of the crystal further improved the sensitivity by 1.4 times. As expected, the signal intensity decreased with increasing irradiated LET, but no change in spectral shape was observed. This paper continues the analysis of organic compounds for neutron dosimetry, using electron spin resonance (ESR) technology for measurements. The authors present results obtained by measuring a mixture of ammonium tartrate dosimeter and gadolinium oxide (5% by weight) using ESR. The choice of low gadolinium content was intended to improve neutron sensitivity without significantly affecting tissue equivalence. This paper also investigated the effect of gadolinium presence on tissue equivalence. Experiments showed that even small amounts could improve neutron sensitivity by more than an order of magnitude. Monte Carlo simulations of the energy release increment caused by gadolinium presence yielded results in good agreement with experimental data.
/EXPL THER/ Following chemical burns, treatment of the patient's eyes with a 10% ammonium tartrate solution at pH 7 did not appear to cause significant additional damage, but the treatment process was painful, especially when the solution decomposed and was no longer neutral.
Ammonium tartrate solutions, as well as other ammonium salt solutions, can be dissolved by forming complexes with certain water-insoluble metal salts. The solubilizing effect of ammonium tartrate on calcium carbonate, lead carbonate, and copper precipitates has been used to dissolve these compound crusts on the corneas of pigs, live rabbits, and patients. Many observations on this treatment method have been published, but in many cases, even without metal crusts, there has been indiscriminate and illogical application. Half a century after its introduction, the rationale for using complexed ammonium salts (such as ammonium tartrate) to dissolve lime and other metal deposits in the cornea seems to have been forgotten, and a habit has been mistakenly developed of treating various alkaline ocular burns with neutral ammonium tartrate solutions without any evidence of any value in this treatment, except perhaps for the potential to help remove lime deposits (calcified deposits). A careful evaluation of the treatment of sodium hydroxide burns with neutral ammonium tartrate solutions was performed on rabbit eyes, and the results clearly showed that this old treatment was no more effective than rinsing with water in removing alkaline substances from the tissue, and did not improve the clinical course or end outcome of the injury.

C4H12N2O6

184.15

184.069

3164-29-2

L-Tartaric acid;87-69-4

2724224

Colorless, crystalline (sand-like) solid or white granule
White crystals
Crystals or white granules

1.601 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)

399.3ºC at 760mmHg

209.4ºC

4

6

1

12

123

0

C(C(C(=O)O)O)(C(=O)O)O.N.N

NGPGDYLVALNKEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/C4H6O6.2H3N/c5-1(3(7)8)2(6)4(9)10;;/h1-2,5-6H,(H,7,8)(H,9,10);2*1H3

diazanium;2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.

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Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)
*Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil)
Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).

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Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)]
*Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline
Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil)
Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)

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Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium)
Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).

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Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400
Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders

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Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.

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 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)