Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
Sodium 14C-L(+)-tartrate (400 mg/kg) administered orally or parenterally to rats is rapidly excreted, with a portion completely metabolized to carbon dioxide. Oral doses are well absorbed. Only about 15-20% of ingested tartrate is excreted unchanged in the urine. Metabolism/Metabolites Most ingested tartrates in humans are metabolized by bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract (primarily the large intestine).

[1]. Growth, molecular structure, NBO analysis and vibrational spectral analysis of l-tartaric acid single crystal. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2014 Apr 5;123:127-41.

[2]. L-tartaric acid synthesis from vitamin C in higher plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Apr 4;103(14):5608-13.

[3]. L-Tartaric Acid Exhibits Antihypertensive and Vasorelaxant Effects: The Possible Role of eNOS/NO/cGMP Pathways. Cardiovasc Hematol Agents Med Chem. 2023;21(3):202-212.

[4]. Re-evaluation of l(+)-tartaric acid (E 334), sodium tartrates (E 335), potassium tartrates (E 336), potassium sodium tartrate (E 337) and calcium tartrate (E 354) as food additives. EFSA J. 2020 Mar 11;18(3):e06030.

L-Tartrate is a type of tartaric acid. It is the conjugate acid of L-tartarate (1-) and an enantiomer of D-tartaric acid. Tartaric acid is a white crystalline organic acid naturally found in many plants, especially grapes. It is an α-hydroxycarboxylic acid with properties of both dicarboxylic and aldehyde acids, and is a dihydroxy derivative of succinic acid. Tartaric acid is a metabolite of Escherichia coli (K12 strain, MG1655 strain). Tartaric acid is a white crystalline dicarboxylic acid found in many plants, especially tamarind and grapes. Oral administration of tartaric acid can produce carbon dioxide through a reaction with sodium bicarbonate. Carbon dioxide expands the stomach and provides a negative contrast agent in double-contrast X-rays. At high doses, this substance inhibits the production of malic acid, thus acting as a myotoxic agent, potentially leading to paralysis or even death. Tartaric acid is a white crystalline organic acid. It is naturally found in many plants, especially grapes and tamarind, and is one of the main acids in wine. It is often added to other foods to impart a sour taste and as an antioxidant. Tartrates are called tartrate salts. They are dihydroxy derivatives of dicarboxylic acids. Tartaric acid is a myotoxin that works by inhibiting the production of malic acid; high doses can lead to paralysis and death. The lowest known lethal dose for humans is about 12 grams. Nevertheless, it is still added to many foods, especially some sour sweets. As a food additive, tartaric acid is used as an antioxidant, with the E designation E334; tartrate salts are another type of additive used as antioxidants or emulsifiers. Naturally occurring tartaric acid is chiral, meaning that its molecules do not overlap with their mirror images. It is an organic chemical starting material for the synthesis of other chiral molecules. The naturally occurring form of tartaric acid is L-(+)-tartaric acid or dextrorotatory tartaric acid. Its mirror image (enantiomer), namely levorotatory tartaric acid or D-(-)-tartaric acid, and its achiral form, namely mesorotatory tartaric acid, can be synthesized artificially. Tartrate salts are believed to play a role in inhibiting the formation of kidney stones. Most ingested tartrates are metabolized by bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract (mainly the large intestine). Only about 15-20% of ingested tartrate is excreted unchanged in urine. Drug Indications: Tartaric acid is mainly used to treat scurvy and for disinfection. Female Stress Urinary Incontinence: Pharmacodynamics: After oral administration, tartrate reacts with sodium bicarbonate to produce carbon dioxide. This carbon dioxide expands the stomach and provides a negative contrast agent in double-contrast imaging. At high doses, the drug can act as a myotoxic agent by inhibiting malate production, potentially leading to paralysis or even death.

C4H6O6

150.08

150.016

87-69-4

Tartaric acid disodium dihydrate;6106-24-7;L-Tartaric acid diammonium;3164-29-2

444305

White to off-white solid powder

1.76

399.3±42.0 °C at 760 mmHg

170-172 °C(lit.)

210 ºC

0.0±2.1 mmHg at 25°C

1.586

-1.43

4

6

3

10

134

2

[C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)O)O)(C(=O)O)O

FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N

InChI=1S/C4H6O6/c5-1(3(7)8)2(6)4(9)10/h1-2,5-6H,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)/t1-,2-/m1/s1

(2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid

Threaric acid; Cichoric acid; Tartaric acid

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~666.27 mM)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (16.66 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution.

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Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (16.66 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.

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Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (16.66 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly.

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 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)