| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
L-Glutathione reduced-13C2,15N targets the same biological systems as unlabeled glutathione (GSH). As a stable isotope-labeled analog, it does not have a distinct pharmacological target but serves as an analytical tracer. GSH is a ubiquitous tripeptide that plays a critical role in cellular antioxidant defense, redox homeostasis, and detoxification of xenobiotics. The labeled compound is used to study glutathione metabolism and to accurately quantify GSH levels in biological matrices using mass spectrometry.
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| ln Vitro |
Drug compounds have included stable heavy isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, and other elements, mostly as quantitative tracers while the drugs were being developed. Because deuteration may have an effect on a drug's pharmacokinetics and metabolic properties, it is a cause for concern [1].
In vitro, L-Glutathione reduced-13C2,15N is not used as a pharmacologically active compound but as an analytical standard in assays measuring glutathione levels. It is added to biological samples (e.g., cell lysates, plasma, tissue homogenates) as an internal standard to correct for variations in sample preparation, ionization efficiency, and matrix effects during LC-MS/MS analysis. The compound's behavior in analytical procedures is identical to that of unlabeled glutathione, allowing for precise quantification. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, L-Glutathione reduced-13C2,15N is not administered as a therapeutic agent but is used in pharmacokinetic and metabolic studies to track the disposition of glutathione. It may be administered to animals or humans in tracer amounts, and its concentration in plasma, urine, and tissues is measured by mass spectrometry. The deuterated label allows for simultaneous measurement of the labeled and unlabeled compound, enabling detailed pharmacokinetic analysis.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The in vitro assays for L-Glutathione reduced-13C2,15N typically involve LC-MS/MS analysis of biological samples. The compound is added to samples (e.g., plasma, urine, tissue homogenates) as an internal standard at a known concentration. Samples are extracted using protein precipitation or solid-phase extraction and analyzed by LC-MS/MS. The compound is quantified by monitoring specific mass transitions for the ¹³C/¹⁵N-labeled compound and the analyte of interest (glutathione). Calibration curves are prepared using known concentrations of the unlabeled compound with a fixed concentration of the labeled internal standard.
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| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cellular assays, L-Glutathione reduced-13C2,15N may be used in cell culture studies to track glutathione metabolism. Cells are treated with the compound, and the media and cell lysates are analyzed by LC-MS/MS for glutathione and its metabolites. The ¹³C/¹⁵N-labeled compound allows for precise quantification and metabolic tracing. However, specific protocols vary depending on the study objectives and the cell type used.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo studies, L-Glutathione reduced-13C2,15N is typically administered to animals via intravenous or oral administration at tracer doses. Blood samples are collected at various time points, and plasma concentrations of the labeled and unlabeled compound are measured by LC-MS/MS. Pharmacokinetic parameters (e.g., half-life, clearance, volume of distribution) are calculated from the concentration-time profiles. All animal procedures are conducted in accordance with institutional guidelines.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
The pharmacokinetic properties of L-Glutathione reduced-13C2,15N are expected to be identical to those of unlabeled glutathione, as the isotope label does not significantly alter the compound's physical or chemical properties. Glutathione is rapidly metabolized and has a short half-life. It is synthesized intracellularly and degraded by γ-glutamyltransferase and other enzymes. The labeled compound is used as an internal standard to accurately measure the pharmacokinetics of glutathione in biological samples.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicology data for L-Glutathione reduced-13C2,15N are limited, as the compound is used at tracer doses and is not intended to exert pharmacological activity. At the low doses used for analytical purposes, the compound is considered safe and non-toxic. Unlabeled glutathione is generally well-tolerated and is a naturally occurring compound. The labeled compound is not genotoxic or carcinogenic at tracer doses. Comprehensive toxicology studies would not be required for its use as an analytical standard.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
L-Glutathione reduced-13C2,15N is a stable isotope-labeled analog of L-Glutathione reduced (GSH), incorporating ¹³C and ¹⁵N at the glycine residue. It has a molecular formula of C10H17N3O6S and a molecular weight of 310.30. It is used as an internal standard for the quantification of glutathione in biological samples by LC-MS/MS. The compound is not approved for human therapeutic use and is intended for analytical research purposes only. It is available as a high-purity research reagent (≥95%) for laboratory use.
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| Molecular Formula |
C10H17N3O6S
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
307.32348
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| Exact Mass |
310.088
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| CAS # |
815610-65-2
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| Related CAS # |
L-Glutathione reduced;70-18-8;L-Glutathione reduced-13C;L-Glutathione reduced-d2;L-Glutathione reduced-15N
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| PubChem CID |
45039351
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Melting Point |
200-202ºC (dec.)
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| LogP |
-4.5
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
6
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
8
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
9
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| Heavy Atom Count |
20
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| Complexity |
389
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
2
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| SMILES |
C(CC(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)[15NH][13CH2][13C](=O)O)[C@@H](C(=O)O)N
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| InChi Key |
RWSXRVCMGQZWBV-DUHRKNADSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C10H17N3O6S/c11-5(10(18)19)1-2-7(14)13-6(4-20)9(17)12-3-8(15)16/h5-6,20H,1-4,11H2,(H,12,17)(H,13,14)(H,15,16)(H,18,19)/t5-,6-/m0/s1/i3+1,8+1,12+1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S)-2-amino-5-[[(2R)-1-(hydroxycarbonyl(113C)methyl(15N)amino)-1-oxo-3-sulfanylpropan-2-yl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.2539 mL | 16.2697 mL | 32.5394 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6508 mL | 3.2539 mL | 6.5079 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3254 mL | 1.6270 mL | 3.2539 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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