| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
The primary molecular target of L-Erythrose is erythrose reductase (ER), an enzyme involved in erythritol biosynthesis. L-Erythrose also inhibits phosphoglycerate kinase, which converts 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate in glycolysis. As a substrate for erythrose reductase, it is reduced to erythritol in a NADPH-dependent manner. The compound participates in glycation reactions and can form advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) through non-enzymatic reactions with proteins, which is relevant to diabetes and aging research.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, L-Erythrose is used as a substrate to characterize erythrose reductase activity from various sources including Candida magnoliae and other erythritol-producing organisms. The enzyme catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of L-erythrose to erythritol. L-Erythrose also inhibits phosphoglycerate kinase activity, affecting glycolytic flux. In glycation studies, L-erythrose reacts with proteins such as bovine serum albumin to form AGEs, and its reactivity is compared to other reducing sugars like glucose and fructose.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, L-Erythrose is metabolized through pathways involving erythrose reductase and other enzymes. It serves as a carbon source for certain oxidizing bacteria. When administered to animals, it is rapidly metabolized and incorporated into various metabolic pathways. Its role in glycation has been studied in the context of diabetic complications, where elevated levels of reactive sugars contribute to protein modification. The compound is generally considered safe and is used as a research tool rather than a therapeutic agent.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For erythrose reductase activity assays, purified enzyme is incubated with L-erythrose (typically 1-10 mM) and NADPH (0.1-0.5 mM) in appropriate buffer at 25-37°C. The decrease in NADPH absorbance at 340 nm is monitored spectrophotometrically to measure enzyme activity. For phosphoglycerate kinase inhibition assays, the enzyme is incubated with L-erythrose and substrates, and the formation of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate or ATP is measured by coupled enzyme assays. For glycation studies, L-erythrose is incubated with proteins at 37°C for days to weeks, and AGE formation is quantified by fluorescence or ELISA.
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| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cell experiments, cultured cells such as HepG2 or HEK293 are treated with L-erythrose at concentrations of 1-50 mM for 24-72 hours. Cell viability is assessed by MTT or ATP assays. Glycation of cellular proteins is evaluated by Western blotting with anti-AGE antibodies. Metabolic effects are measured by analyzing glycolytic intermediates or by Seahorse extracellular flux analysis. For erythrose reductase characterization, recombinant enzyme is expressed in E. coli and purified for kinetic studies using L-erythrose as substrate.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo animal experiments, rats or mice are administered L-Erythrose by oral gavage or intraperitoneal injection at doses of 100-1000 mg/kg. Blood glucose and erythritol levels are measured at various time points. For glycation studies, animals are maintained on L-erythrose-supplemented diets for weeks to months, and AGE accumulation in tissues such as kidney, retina, and lens is assessed. Pharmacokinetic parameters are determined by LC-MS/MS analysis of plasma and tissue samples.
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| Additional Infomation |
L-erythrose is the L-enantiomer of erythrose and also the enantiomer of D-erythrose.
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| Molecular Formula |
C4H8O4
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
120.1
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| Exact Mass |
120.042
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| CAS # |
533-49-3
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| Related CAS # |
D-Erythrose;583-50-6
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| PubChem CID |
5460674
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| Appearance |
Colorless to light yellow liquid
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| Density |
1.41 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
311.1ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
164ºC
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| Flash Point |
156.2ºC
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| Index of Refraction |
1.505
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| LogP |
-2.2
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
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| Heavy Atom Count |
8
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| Complexity |
72.4
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
2
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| SMILES |
C(=O)[C@H]([C@H](CO)O)O
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| InChi Key |
YTBSYETUWUMLBZ-DMTCNVIQSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C4H8O4/c5-1-3(7)4(8)2-6/h1,3-4,6-8H,2H2/t3-,4+/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S,3S)-2,3,4-trihydroxybutanal
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| Synonyms |
L-(+)-Erythrose; L-Erythrose
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 8.3264 mL | 41.6320 mL | 83.2639 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.6653 mL | 8.3264 mL | 16.6528 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.8326 mL | 4.1632 mL | 8.3264 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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