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| Targets |
As a labeled amino acid, L-Alanine-13C2,15N does not have a specific pharmacological target. L-Alanine is involved in glucose-alanine cycling, gluconeogenesis, and protein synthesis. The labeled form is used to trace alanine metabolism and its role in various biological pathways.
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| ln Vitro |
Drug compounds have included stable heavy isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, and other elements, mostly as quantitative tracers while the drugs were being developed. Because deuteration may have an effect on a drug's pharmacokinetics and metabolic properties, it is a cause for concern [1].
L-Alanine-13C2,15N is used in vitro as a tracer to study alanine metabolism and protein synthesis. The compound is incorporated into cell culture media to track amino acid uptake and incorporation into proteins. It does not exhibit intrinsic pharmacological activity but serves as a quantitative tool for studying cellular metabolism. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, L-Alanine-13C2,15N is used in metabolic studies to trace alanine absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. The dual isotope label (¹³C and ¹⁵N) allows for precise quantification of alanine and its metabolites in biological fluids and tissues using mass spectrometry.
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| Enzyme Assay |
As an analytical standard, L-Alanine-13C2,15N is used in amino acid analysis and metabolic flux studies. Typical protocols involve spiking the labeled compound into samples prior to analysis by GC-MS or LC-MS. The compound serves as an internal standard to correct for matrix effects and instrument variability.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell culture experiments using L-Alanine-13C2,15N involve supplementing growth media with the labeled amino acid at defined concentrations. Cells are cultured for specified periods, after which the incorporation of labeled alanine into cellular proteins and metabolites is analyzed by mass spectrometry.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies typically involve administering L-Alanine-13C2,15N to rodents via oral gavage or intravenous injection. Blood, urine, and tissue samples are collected at various time points to track the distribution and metabolism of alanine.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
L-Alanine-13C2,15N exhibits pharmacokinetic properties similar to those of unlabeled L-alanine. As a non-essential amino acid, it is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It is metabolized primarily in the liver and muscle tissue. The isotope labels provide distinct mass shifts for analytical detection.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
L-Alanine-13C2,15N is considered safe for research use at typical concentrations. L-Alanine is a naturally occurring amino acid with a well-established safety profile. As a stable isotope-labeled compound, it is not intended for therapeutic use and is handled under standard laboratory safety practices.
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| References |
[1]. Russak EM, et al. Impact of Deuterium Substitution on the Pharmacokinetics of Pharmaceuticals. Ann Pharmacother. 2019;53(2):211-216.
[2]. Nagashima T, et al. Selective Elimination of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Medium with High Concentration of L-Alanine. Sci Rep. 2018 Aug 20;8(1):12427. |
| Additional Infomation |
L-Alanine-13C2,15N has a molecular formula of C¹³C₂H₇¹⁵NO₂ and a molecular weight of 92.07. Purity is typically >98%. The compound is primarily used as an internal standard for mass spectrometry-based quantification and metabolic flux analysis.
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| Molecular Formula |
C3H7NO2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
89.09318
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| Exact Mass |
93.054
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| CAS # |
312623-85-1
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| Related CAS # |
L-Alanine;56-41-7
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| PubChem CID |
16213447
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.2±0.1 g/cm3
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| Melting Point |
314.5ºC (dec.)(lit.)
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| Index of Refraction |
1.460
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| LogP |
0.118
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
1
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| Heavy Atom Count |
6
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| Complexity |
61.8
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
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| SMILES |
[13CH3][13C@@H]([13C](=O)O)[15NH2]
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| InChi Key |
QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-UVYXLFMMSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C3H7NO2/c1-2(4)3(5)6/h2H,4H2,1H3,(H,5,6)/t2-/m0/s1/i1+1,2+1,3+1,4+1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S)-2-(15N)azanyl(1,2,3-13C3)propanoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 11.2246 mL | 56.1230 mL | 112.2460 mL | |
| 5 mM | 2.2449 mL | 11.2246 mL | 22.4492 mL | |
| 10 mM | 1.1225 mL | 5.6123 mL | 11.2246 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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