Although fullerenes are frozen below the glass-transition temperature Tg of the photovoltaic blend, ITIC can undergo a glass-crystal transition considerably below its high Tg of ∼180 °C.[1]
The planar structure of ITIC and potentially other non-fullerene acceptors readily facilitates the desired glass-crystal transition, which constitutes a significant advantage over fullerenes, and may pave the way for truly stable organic solar cells.[1]
1H NMR spectra of ITIC were recorded with a 400 MHz nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer that indicated the presence of impurities in the as-received batch (Figure S1). Aside from the parent proton peaks of ITIC, we observe several additional peaks in the aromatic region of the 1H NMR spectrum, suggesting the presence of one or more unknown impurities. We purified ITIC by flash column chromatography on silica gel with 2:3 dichloromethane:hexane as the eluent. After purification, a 1H NMR spectrum was collected again that corresponded to the previously reported experimental data of ITIC. [1]
ITIC:PBDB-T with a 1:1 weight ratio (unless otherwise specified) was spin coated under nitrogen at 2500 rpm for 60 s from a 20 g L–1 chlorobenzene solution containing 0.5 vol % 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO). [1]

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ITIC can crystallize at temperatures considerably below its Tg (~180 °C) through a glass‑crystal transition, forming nanoscopic crystallites of a low‑temperature polymorph (polymorph I) via diffusion‑limited crystallization; the nucleation density is about 4 × 10⁸ cm⁻² at 160 °C for 10 min [1].
Above Tg, long‑range mass transport leads to the formation of large micrometer‑sized spherulites of a high‑temperature polymorph (polymorph II), which disrupt the active layer nanostructure [1].
Annealing of 1:1 ITIC:PBDB‑T blends at temperatures below Tg (e.g., at 100 °C) results in the appearance of polymorph I crystallites with sheet‑like structure (thickness ~100 nm, lateral extent up to 500 nm) and a slight improvement in power conversion efficiency (PCE) to 7.5% (from ~7% for unannealed devices) [1].
Annealing at temperatures close to or above Tg (e.g., 210 °C) leads to deterioration of all photovoltaic parameters: Voc decreases from 0.9 V to 0.85 V, Jsc and FF also drop, causing a significant reduction in PCE [1].
At 160 °C (slightly below Tg), the PCE remains stable for the first 10 min, then gradually deteriorates due to transformation from polymorph I to II [1].

Organic solar cell devices: fabricated on glass/ITO substrates with PEDOT:PSS as hole transport layer. Active layer of 1:1 ITIC:PBDB‑T (20 g/L in chlorobenzene with 0.5 vol% DIO) spin‑coated at 2500 rpm for 60 s under N₂. Annealing at various temperatures (100–210 °C) for 10 min. Top electrode: LiF (1 nm) and Al (100 nm) thermally evaporated. Active area 7 mm². J‑V curves measured under AM1.5 illumination (1000 W/m²) using a Keithley 2400 source meter [1].
Polarized optical microscopy: thin films on Si wafers annealed at different temperatures; images taken with Zeiss Axio Scope A1 under crossed polarizers, 100× objective, NA 0.85 [1].
SEM: Leo Ultra 55 at 3 kV, InLens detector, working distance 9.7 mm [1].
GIWAXS: X‑ray wavelength 1.162 Å, incident angle 0.15°, D‑line at CHESS [1].
DSC: Mettler Toledo DSC2, heating/cooling rate 10 °C/min, 6 mg sample in Al crucibles [1].
FSC: Mettler Toledo Flash DSC 1, thin films on FSC chip, heating rate 4000 K/s [1].
DMA: TA Instruments Q800, strain‑controlled mode (<0.1% strain), 1 Hz, heating rate 3 °C/min under N₂ [1].
Plasmonic nanospectroscopy: Au nanodisk arrays (170×20 nm) encapsulated with 10 nm SiO₂, illuminated with halogen lamp, extinction spectra recorded, heating rate 5 °C/min under Ar [1].
Purification of ITIC: flash column chromatography on silica gel with 2:3 dichloromethane:hexane as eluent [1].

ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2019 Jun 19;11(24):21766-21774.

ITIC is not a drug; it is an organic semiconductor used as a non‑fullerene acceptor in organic photovoltaics. The compound was purified because as‑received material contained impurities detected by ¹H NMR. ITIC has two polymorphs: low‑temperature polymorph I forms below Tg (~180 °C) via diffusion‑limited crystallization, leading to nanoscopic crystals that do not harm device performance; high‑temperature polymorph II forms above Tg, causing large crystals that degrade performance. The glass‑transition temperature was determined by DSC, FSC, DMA, and plasmonic nanospectroscopy. Blend with PBDB‑T (1:1 weight ratio) gave PCE ~7% without annealing, improving to 7.5% after annealing at 100–160 °C. Long‑term thermal stability at 160 °C lasted ~10 min before degradation. No pharmacological or toxicological data are reported [1].

C94H82N4O2S4

1427.9425

1426.53

1664293-06-4

101901004

Typically exists as solid at room temperature

25.617

0

10

26

104

3040

0

S1C2C([H])=C(C([H])=C3C(C4=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C4/C/3=C(/C#N)\C#N)=O)SC=2C2=C1C1C([H])=C3C(=C([H])C=1C2(C1C([H])=C([H])C(C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H])=C([H])C=1[H])C1C([H])=C([H])C(C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H])=C([H])C=1[H])C1=C(C2=C(C([H])=C(/C(/[H])=C4\C(C5=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C5\C\4=C(\C#N)/C#N)=O)S2)S1)C3(C1C([H])=C([H])C(C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H])=C([H])C=1[H])C1C([H])=C([H])C(C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H])=C([H])C=1[H]

HQOWCDPFDSRYRO-NBPLLSTCSA-N

InChI=1S/C94H82N4O2S4/c1-5-9-13-17-25-59-33-41-65(42-34-59)93(66-43-35-60(36-44-66)26-18-14-10-6-2)79-53-76-80(54-75(79)89-85(93)91-81(103-89)51-69(101-91)49-77-83(63(55-95)56-96)71-29-21-23-31-73(71)87(77)99)94(67-45-37-61(38-46-67)27-19-15-11-7-3,68-47-39-62(40-48-68)28-20-16-12-8-4)86-90(76)104-82-52-70(102-92(82)86)50-78-84(64(57-97)58-98)72-30-22-24-32-74(72)88(78)100/h21-24,29-54H,5-20,25-28H2,1-4H3/b77-49-,78-50-

2-[(2Z)-2-[[20-[(Z)-[1-(dicyanomethylidene)-3-oxoinden-2-ylidene]methyl]-12,12,24,24-tetrakis(4-hexylphenyl)-5,9,17,21-tetrathiaheptacyclo[13.9.0.03,13.04,11.06,10.016,23.018,22]tetracosa-1(15),2,4(11),6(10),7,13,16(23),18(22),19-nonaen-8-yl]methylidene]-3-oxoinden-1-ylidene]propanedinitrile

ITIC

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.

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Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)
*Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil)
Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).

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Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)]
*Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline
Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil)
Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)

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Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium)
Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).

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Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400
Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders

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Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.

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 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)