| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 25mg |
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| 50mg | |||
| 100mg | |||
| 250mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Isoengelitin does not have a single well-defined molecular target, as it is a polyphenolic compound that acts through multiple mechanisms. Its antioxidant activity is attributed to its ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and chelate metal ions, thereby reducing oxidative damage to lipids, proteins, and DNA. In inflammatory models, isoengelitin suppresses the activation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways, leading to reduced expression of pro-inflammatory enzymes (iNOS, COX-2) and cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6). It also modulates the Nrf2/ARE pathway, enhancing the expression of endogenous antioxidant enzymes. Its anticancer effects involve cell cycle arrest, induction of apoptosis, and inhibition of metastasis.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, isoengelitin has demonstrated significant antioxidant activity in cell-free systems, with IC50 values for DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging typically in the range of 10-50 μM. In LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, isoengelitin (1-100 μM) dose-dependently reduced nitric oxide production (IC50 ~20 μM) and decreased TNF-α and IL-6 secretion. It also suppressed the expression of iNOS and COX-2 proteins, as confirmed by Western blot. In cancer cell lines (e.g., HeLa, MCF-7, A549), isoengelitin inhibited proliferation with IC50 values of 10-80 μM, induced G1 or G2/M arrest, and increased apoptotic cell populations as measured by annexin V staining and caspase-3 activation.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, limited studies have been conducted on isoengelitin. In rodent models of acute inflammation, such as carrageenan-induced paw edema, oral or intraperitoneal administration of isoengelitin (5-50 mg/kg) significantly reduced paw swelling in a dose-dependent manner, comparable to standard anti-inflammatory drugs like indomethacin. In a mouse model of acetic acid-induced writhing, isoengelitin exhibited analgesic activity. Antioxidant effects have been observed in models of CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity, where isoengelitin pretreatment lowered serum transaminases and reduced hepatic malondialdehyde levels. However, detailed pharmacokinetic and toxicological studies are lacking, and most data are from single-dose or short-term experiments.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Isoengelitin is typically evaluated in cell-free systems for its antioxidant capacity, using standard assays such as DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and lipid peroxidation inhibition. For anti-inflammatory mechanism, it may be tested in cell-free enzyme inhibition assays for COX-1/COX-2 or 5-LOX, where the IC50 for enzyme activity is determined by measuring prostaglandin or leukotriene production. Its ability to chelate ferrous ions can be assessed by the ferrozine assay. However, due to its polyphenolic nature, direct enzyme binding is not usually performed; instead, its effects on signaling pathways are studied in cellular contexts.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for isoengelitin are performed using macrophage cell lines (e.g., RAW 264.7) for anti-inflammatory studies. Cells are pretreated with isoengelitin (1-100 μM) for 1-2 hours, then stimulated with LPS (1 μg/mL) for 18-24 hours. Nitric oxide in the supernatant is measured by Griess reaction, and cytokines are quantified by ELISA. Protein expression of iNOS, COX-2, and phosphorylated MAPKs is assessed by Western blot. For antioxidant evaluation, cells are exposed to H2O2 or glucose oxidase, and ROS production is measured with DCFH-DA fluorescence; cell viability is assessed by MTT. In cancer cell studies, apoptosis is evaluated by flow cytometry with annexin V/PI, and mitochondrial membrane potential is measured with JC-1 dye.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments for isoengelitin are typically conducted in mice or rats at doses of 5-50 mg/kg, administered orally (by gavage) or intraperitoneally. For anti-inflammatory testing, carrageenan (1%) is injected into the hind paw, and paw volume is measured plethysmographically at 1-6 hours. For analgesic activity, the acetic acid-induced writhing test is used, where the number of writhes is counted. In hepatoprotection studies, CCl4 (0.1 mL/kg) is injected intraperitoneally, and serum ALT/AST, liver malondialdehyde, and glutathione levels are measured after 24 hours. Histopathological examination of liver and paw tissues is performed. Data are collected from 6-8 animals per group, and standard statistical analyses are applied.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Isoengelitin has a molecular weight of approximately 500 g/mol (exact mass depends on sugar composition, typically around 580) and a molecular formula of C21H20O10 or similar. It is a yellow crystalline powder, soluble in methanol, ethanol, and DMSO, but poorly soluble in water. Its logP value indicates moderate hydrophilicity. Pharmacokinetic studies are scarce; one report in rats indicated that oral bioavailability of flavonoids is generally low (<10%) due to extensive first-pass metabolism, including glucuronidation and sulfation. The plasma half-life is estimated to be 2-4 hours. It is mainly excreted in urine and bile as conjugated metabolites. Due to the lack of systematic pharmacokinetic data, precise parameters are not available.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicological profile of isoengelitin has not been extensively studied. In acute toxicity studies in mice, oral doses up to 1000 mg/kg produced no mortality or overt signs of toxicity. In subacute studies (14-day), doses of 50-100 mg/kg/day caused mild weight loss and slight elevations in liver enzymes, but no histopathological changes were observed. No mutagenic or genotoxic effects have been reported in standard Ames tests or micronucleus assays. However, as a flavonoid, it may interact with drug-metabolizing enzymes (CYP450) and affect the pharmacokinetics of co-administered drugs. Overall, isoengelitin is considered relatively safe at the experimental doses used, but comprehensive safety evaluation is required for clinical development.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Reports indicate that Smilax corbularia and Iryanthera sagotiana contain Isoengeletin, and relevant data is available for reference.
Isoengelitin is a naturally occurring flavonoid glycoside isolated from several plants, including the roots of Glycyrrhiza and the aerial parts of Artemisia species. It is often studied alongside other flavonoids for its potential health benefits. In traditional medicine, plants containing isoengelitin have been used for treating inflammatory conditions, wounds, and liver disorders. The compound has been the subject of structure-activity relationship studies to understand the contribution of its sugar moieties and hydroxyl groups to its bioactivity. Although it shows promise in preclinical assays, isoengelitin is not an approved drug and remains a research compound. Its low oral bioavailability and rapid metabolism are major hurdles for therapeutic translation. |
| Molecular Formula |
C21H22O10
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
434.393387317657
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| Exact Mass |
434.121
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| CAS # |
30987-58-7
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| PubChem CID |
101937309
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| Appearance |
Light yellow to light brown solid
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| Density |
1.7±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
763.4±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
301-302 °C
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| Flash Point |
270.6±26.4 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±2.7 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.722
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| Source |
Originated from plants: Smilacaceae Smilax biumbellata T. Koyama
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| LogP |
3.58
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
6
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
10
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
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| Heavy Atom Count |
31
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| Complexity |
638
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
7
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| SMILES |
O1[C@@H](C)[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]1O[C@@H]1C(C2C(=CC(=CC=2O[C@@H]1C1C=CC(=CC=1)O)O)O)=O)O)O)O
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| InChi Key |
VQUPQWGKORWZII-RPJYBVRZSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C21H22O10/c1-8-15(25)17(27)18(28)21(29-8)31-20-16(26)14-12(24)6-11(23)7-13(14)30-19(20)9-2-4-10(22)5-3-9/h2-8,15,17-25,27-28H,1H3/t8-,15-,17+,18+,19+,20+,21-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2R,3S)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: ~33.3 mg/mL (~76.7 mM; with ultrasonication and warming by heating to 60°C)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (2.88 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween-80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), Clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of DMSO stock solution (12.5 mg/mL) to 400 μL of PEG300 and mix well; then add 50 μL of Tween-80 and mix well; finally add 450 μL of physiological saline and adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (2.88 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), Clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of DMSO stock solution (12.5 mg/mL) to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD saline and mix well. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.3021 mL | 11.5104 mL | 23.0208 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4604 mL | 2.3021 mL | 4.6042 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2302 mL | 1.1510 mL | 2.3021 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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