| Size | Price | |
|---|---|---|
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
As a protected D-glutamic acid derivative, H-D-Glu(OMe)-OMe·HCl does not have a specific biological target. Its primary utility is as a chemical building block in organic synthesis, particularly in peptide chemistry. The compound serves as a protected D-glutamic acid unit that can be incorporated into peptide chains while both carboxyl groups are protected from unwanted reactions. D-Glutamic acid is a component of bacterial peptidoglycan and some neuroactive peptides, but in its protected form, the compound is not designed to interact with biological receptors or enzymes. Its value lies in its chemical properties as a synthetic intermediate, enabling the construction of complex peptides and pharmaceutical compounds.
|
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
Commercial ergot supplements have been made from amino acids and their derivatives. They affect the release of anabolic hormones, the availability of fuel for activity, the ability to think clearly under pressure, and the prevention of muscular damage brought on by exertion. They are regarded as advantageous synergistic food ingredients [1].
H-D-Glu(OMe)-OMe·HCl does not exhibit pharmacological activity in vitro. As a protected amino acid ester, it is a synthetic intermediate rather than a bioactive compound. In vitro studies using this compound focus on its chemical reactivity, such as its use in peptide bond formation reactions, rather than assessments of pharmacological activity. The compound may be used as a substrate in enzymatic assays to study esterase activity, as the methyl esters can be cleaved by certain hydrolases. However, these are analytical applications rather than pharmacological assessments. The compound does not bind to receptors, inhibit enzymes, or produce cytotoxic effects in cell-based assays at concentrations typically used for synthesis. Its role in research is almost exclusively as a reagent for organic synthesis. |
| ln Vivo |
H-D-Glu(OMe)-OMe·HCl is not a pharmacologically active compound and therefore does not have defined in vivo activity as a drug. When administered to animals, the compound would likely be metabolized to release D-glutamic acid, which would then be processed by D-amino acid oxidase and other enzymes. However, the compound is not used therapeutically, and its in vivo effects would be limited to those of the released D-glutamic acid, which is not naturally utilized in protein synthesis but can be metabolized through alternative pathways. Its primary value remains in synthetic chemistry.
|
| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme assays for H-D-Glu(OMe)-OMe·HCl are typically designed to study esterase or protease activity. A standard protocol involves incubating the compound with an enzyme preparation, such as plasma, tissue homogenates, or purified carboxylesterases, in a suitable buffer at physiological pH and temperature. The hydrolysis of the methyl esters releases D-glutamic acid and methanol, which can be quantified by HPLC, GC, or mass spectrometry. Alternatively, the decrease in substrate concentration can be monitored. The reaction is initiated by addition of the substrate, and the initial velocity is measured over time. These assays are used to characterize the substrate specificity of esterases, to screen for enzyme inhibitors, or to evaluate the stability of methyl ester protecting groups in biological matrices.
|
| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays using H-D-Glu(OMe)-OMe·HCl are limited due to the compound's role as a synthetic intermediate rather than a bioactive molecule. However, it can be used in cell culture studies to investigate the intracellular delivery of D-glutamic acid via ester hydrolysis. Cells are cultured in media supplemented with the compound, and cellular uptake, ester hydrolysis, and D-glutamic acid release are monitored. The effects of increased intracellular D-glutamic acid on cellular metabolism or signaling can be assessed. These experiments are typically conducted in cell lines such as hepatocytes or neurons, and endpoints are measured using biochemical assays or mass spectrometry. The compound's ability to penetrate cell membranes may be enhanced by the lipophilic methyl ester groups, making it useful for studying D-glutamic acid's intracellular functions.
|
| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies with H-D-Glu(OMe)-OMe·HCl are not typically conducted, as the compound is a synthetic intermediate rather than a pharmacologically active agent. If used in vivo, the compound would be administered to animals to study the metabolism of protected amino acid derivatives or to deliver D-glutamic acid in a protected form. However, such studies are rare, and the compound is generally used exclusively in synthetic chemistry applications. Its use is confined to the laboratory, where it serves as a building block for the preparation of peptides and pharmaceutical compounds.
|
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
H-D-Glu(OMe)-OMe·HCl is not a drug candidate, and pharmacokinetic data are not available. As a protected amino acid derivative, it is designed for chemical synthesis rather than systemic administration. If administered in vivo, the compound would likely be rapidly hydrolyzed by esterases to release D-glutamic acid and methanol. The methyl esters may enhance lipophilicity and membrane permeability compared to free D-glutamic acid. Following hydrolysis, D-glutamic acid is metabolized by D-amino acid oxidase, leading to the production of the corresponding α-keto acid and hydrogen peroxide. The pharmacokinetic profile of the compound would be primarily determined by the rate of ester hydrolysis and the subsequent metabolism of D-glutamic acid. The compound has a melting point of 65-70°C.
|
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The hydrochloride salt of D-glutamic acid dimethyl ester is generally considered to have low toxicity, consistent with its use as a chemical reagent. Acute toxicity is expected to be minimal, as the compound is rapidly metabolized to D-glutamic acid and methanol. However, the compound may cause irritation upon contact with skin, eyes, or mucous membranes due to its acidic nature. Inhalation of the powder may cause respiratory irritation. The compound is not classified as a carcinogen, mutagen, or reproductive toxicant. Standard laboratory safety precautions, including the use of personal protective equipment, are recommended. No significant systemic toxicity is anticipated at typical research doses, as the compound is rapidly metabolized.
|
| References |
[1]. Luckose F, et al. Effects of amino acid derivatives on physical, mental, and physiological activities. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2015;55(13):1793-1144.
|
| Additional Infomation |
Histidine is an α-amino acid with the structure propionic acid, an amino group at position 2, and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3. It is a metabolite. Histidine belongs to the α-amino acids, imidazole compounds, aromatic amino acids, and polar amino acids. It contains a 1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl group. Histidine is the conjugate base of histidine ononium (1+) and the conjugate acid of histidine ion (1-). DL-histidine has been reported in Drosophila melanogaster, white clover, and other organisms with relevant data. See also: Histidine (note moved to).
D-Glutamic acid dimethyl ester hydrochloride (H-D-Glu(OMe)-OMe·HCl, CAS 4998-57-6) is a protected amino acid derivative used as a building block in peptide synthesis. Its chemical formula is C₇H₁₃NO₄·HCl and molecular weight is 211.64. The compound appears as a white to off-white solid powder with a melting point of 65-70°C. It is soluble in water and organic solvents. The dimethyl esters provide protection for both carboxyl groups that can be selectively removed under mild basic conditions. It is intended for research use only and is not for human therapeutic applications. The compound is typically stored at 2-8°C for stability. |
| Molecular Formula |
C6H9N3O2
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
155.1546
|
| Exact Mass |
191.046
|
| CAS # |
4998-57-6
|
| Related CAS # |
DL-Histidine-d3;344299-50-9;DL-Histidine-13C6,15N3;2414511-65-0;DL-Histidine-15N;287484-37-1
|
| PubChem CID |
773
|
| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
|
| Density |
1.4±0.1 g/cm3
|
| Boiling Point |
458.9±35.0 °C at 760 mmHg
|
| Melting Point |
280-290ºC (dec.)
|
| Flash Point |
231.3±25.9 °C
|
| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.2 mmHg at 25°C
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.615
|
| LogP |
-1.26
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
11
|
| Complexity |
151
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| SMILES |
O([H])C(C([H])(C([H])([H])C1=C([H])N=C([H])N1[H])N([H])[H])=O
|
| InChi Key |
HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C6H9N3O2/c7-5(6(10)11)1-4-2-8-3-9-4/h2-3,5H,1,7H2,(H,8,9)(H,10,11)
|
| Chemical Name |
2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoic acid
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~25 mg/mL (~161.12 mM)
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 6.4454 mL | 32.2269 mL | 64.4538 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.2891 mL | 6.4454 mL | 12.8908 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.6445 mL | 3.2227 mL | 6.4454 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
Copyright 2020 InvivoChem LLC | All Rights Reserved
