| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1mg |
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| 5mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Enalapril D5 maleate targets angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), a key enzyme in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system that converts angiotensin I to the potent vasoconstrictor angiotensin II. As a prodrug, enalapril is hydrolyzed to enalaprilat, the active metabolite that inhibits ACE. By inhibiting ACE, the compound reduces the production of angiotensin II, leading to vasodilation, reduced aldosterone secretion, decreased sodium and water retention, and ultimately lower blood pressure. The deuterium label does not affect the compound's pharmacological activity, as the deuterium atoms are located on the phenyl ring and do not participate in the ACE inhibitory activity. The compound's mechanism of action is identical to that of the unlabeled enalapril.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Enalapril D5 maleate is used as an internal standard in analytical methods for the quantification of enalapril and its metabolites. The compound is not typically used for biological activity assays, as its pharmacological properties are identical to those of unlabeled enalapril. However, the compound can be used in cell-based assays to study ACE inhibition, where it would be expected to inhibit ACE activity and reduce angiotensin II production in cell culture systems expressing ACE. The compound's stability and solubility characteristics make it suitable for use in various in vitro applications.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Enalapril D5 maleate is not administered as a therapeutic agent. It is used as a stable isotope-labeled internal standard in pharmacokinetic studies to measure the concentration of enalapril and its metabolites in biological samples. The deuterium label allows for the simultaneous measurement of the labeled internal standard and the unlabeled analyte using mass spectrometry, improving the accuracy and precision of the quantification. The compound's pharmacokinetic properties are similar to those of enalapril maleate, but the deuterium label does not significantly alter the compound's absorption, distribution, metabolism, or excretion.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For non-cellular enzyme assays, Enalapril D5 maleate is used as an internal standard in LC-MS or GC-MS methods for the quantification of enalapril and enalaprilat. The compound can also be used in ACE activity assays, where it would be expected to inhibit ACE activity. However, its primary use is as an analytical standard. The compound's purity and deuterium incorporation are confirmed using analytical techniques such as HPLC, NMR, and mass spectrometry. The compound can be used to validate analytical methods and to ensure the accuracy of quantification results.
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| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cell-based assays, Enalapril D5 maleate is not typically used as a test compound. However, it can be used as an internal standard in cell-based studies where the quantification of enalapril or enalaprilat in cell culture media or cell lysates is required. The compound's stability in cell culture conditions should be evaluated for each specific application.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo animal studies, Enalapril D5 maleate is used as an internal standard in pharmacokinetic studies. The compound is administered to animals along with or separately from unlabeled enalapril, and blood, plasma, or tissue samples are collected at various time points. The concentrations of the labeled and unlabeled compounds are measured using LC-MS/MS, and the pharmacokinetic parameters are calculated. The compound can also be used in bioequivalence studies to compare the pharmacokinetic profiles of different formulations of enalapril.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
The pharmacokinetic properties of Enalapril D5 maleate are similar to those of enalapril maleate. The compound has a molecular weight of 497.55 and a molecular formula of C₂₄H₂₇D₅N₂O₉. The compound is a white to off-white solid powder. It is soluble in ethanol, methanol, and water. The compound should be stored at 2-8°C under an inert atmosphere. The powder is stable at -20°C for 3 years and at 4°C for 2 years; in solvent, it is stable at -80°C for 6 months and at -20°C for 1 month. The compound should be stored in a sealed and protected environment, avoiding exposure to moisture. It is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during shipping.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicological profile of Enalapril D5 maleate is similar to that of enalapril maleate. The compound is a well-established pharmaceutical agent with a well-characterized safety profile. Common side effects include hypotension, dizziness, cough, and hyperkalemia. Rare but serious side effects include angioedema and renal impairment. The compound should not be used in pregnancy due to the risk of fetal toxicity. The compound is intended for research use only and is not for human use.
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| Additional Infomation |
Enalapril D5 maleate is also known by the synonyms MK-421 D5 maleate and Enalapril-(phenyl-D5) maleate. It is the deuterium-labeled form of enalapril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor used for the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. The deuterium substitution at the phenyl ring makes it an ideal internal standard for mass spectrometry-based quantification methods. Enalapril is a prodrug that is hydrolyzed to enalaprilat, the active metabolite that inhibits ACE. The compound is widely used in pharmacokinetic studies, bioequivalence studies, and drug metabolism research. It is not currently approved for clinical use as a therapeutic agent and is available only for research purposes as an analytical standard.
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| Molecular Formula |
C₂₄H₂₇D₅N₂O₉
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
497.55
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| Exact Mass |
497.242
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| CAS # |
349554-02-5
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| Related CAS # |
Enalapril maleate;76095-16-4;Enalapril;75847-73-3
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| PubChem CID |
71316326
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| LogP |
1.645
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
4
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
10
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
12
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| Heavy Atom Count |
35
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| Complexity |
638
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
3
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| SMILES |
[2H]C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1[2H])[2H])CC[C@@H](C(=O)OCC)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N2CCC[C@H]2C(=O)O)[2H])[2H].C(=C\C(=O)O)\C(=O)O
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| InChi Key |
OYFJQPXVCSSHAI-DQNQMXAMSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C20H28N2O5.C4H4O4/c1-3-27-20(26)16(12-11-15-8-5-4-6-9-15)21-14(2)18(23)22-13-7-10-17(22)19(24)25;5-3(6)1-2-4(7)8/h4-6,8-9,14,16-17,21H,3,7,10-13H2,1-2H3,(H,24,25);1-2H,(H,5,6)(H,7,8)/b;2-1-/t14-,16-,17-;/m0./s1/i4D,5D,6D,8D,9D;
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| Chemical Name |
(Z)-but-2-enedioic acid;(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-(2,3,4,5,6-pentadeuteriophenyl)butan-2-yl]amino]propanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.0098 mL | 10.0492 mL | 20.0985 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4020 mL | 2.0098 mL | 4.0197 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2010 mL | 1.0049 mL | 2.0098 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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